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<p>This study accounts for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using <i>Oxalis esculentum</i> extract, aiming to evaluate their physicochemical properties and biomedical potential. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD confirmed the hexagonal nanocrystalline nature of the ZnO-NPs, having a particle size of 13&#xa0;nm, while FTIR indicated the existence of functional groups from plant phytochemicals. SEM revealed a quasi-spherical shape with agglomeration tendency, and EDX confirmed the presence of zinc (60.4%) and oxygen (22%) elements. The ZnO-NPs exhibited notable antifungal activity, with maximum inhibition rates of 72.3% against <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, 72.2% against <i>Penicillium notatum</i>, and 69.3% against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> at 4&#xa0;mg/mL. Antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> peaked at a 13.9&#xa0;mm inhibition zone at 8&#xa0;mg/mL. The highest antileishmanial activity was 57.33% at 160&#xa0;µg/mL, while hemolytic activity remained low at 1.41 ± 0.22% at 200&#xa0;µg/mL, indicating biocompatibility. Additionally, the ZnO-NPs showed 79% anti-inflammatory activity at 800&#xa0;µg/mL, 63.11 ± 0.22% alpha-amylase inhibition at 400&#xa0;µg/mL, 17.66 ± 0.55% α-glucosidase inhibition at 400&#xa0;µg/mL, and antioxidant activities, including 51.7 ± 1.2% TAC, 42.4 ± 0.02%TRP, and 55.6 ± 1.4%FRSA at 200&#xa0;µg/mL of the NPs. In conclusion, the phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties, highlighting their potential for future biomedical applications.</p>

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Phytofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from a medicinal salt-tolerant Oxystelma esculentum (L.f.) Sm. extract and their multifunctional biological activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Moona Nazish,
  • Sura Rahimova,
  • Muhammad Zubair,
  • Muhammad Fiaz Khan,
  • Muhammad Azhar Khan,
  • Fozia Bibi,
  • Muhammad Ishfaq Khan,
  • Saleem Ulla,
  • Jobborov Bakhrom,
  • Raheek Alwaznah,
  • Islem Abid,
  • Muhammad Tahir Naseem

摘要

This study accounts for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Oxalis esculentum extract, aiming to evaluate their physicochemical properties and biomedical potential. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD confirmed the hexagonal nanocrystalline nature of the ZnO-NPs, having a particle size of 13 nm, while FTIR indicated the existence of functional groups from plant phytochemicals. SEM revealed a quasi-spherical shape with agglomeration tendency, and EDX confirmed the presence of zinc (60.4%) and oxygen (22%) elements. The ZnO-NPs exhibited notable antifungal activity, with maximum inhibition rates of 72.3% against Aspergillus niger, 72.2% against Penicillium notatum, and 69.3% against Fusarium oxysporum at 4 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli peaked at a 13.9 mm inhibition zone at 8 mg/mL. The highest antileishmanial activity was 57.33% at 160 µg/mL, while hemolytic activity remained low at 1.41 ± 0.22% at 200 µg/mL, indicating biocompatibility. Additionally, the ZnO-NPs showed 79% anti-inflammatory activity at 800 µg/mL, 63.11 ± 0.22% alpha-amylase inhibition at 400 µg/mL, 17.66 ± 0.55% α-glucosidase inhibition at 400 µg/mL, and antioxidant activities, including 51.7 ± 1.2% TAC, 42.4 ± 0.02%TRP, and 55.6 ± 1.4%FRSA at 200 µg/mL of the NPs. In conclusion, the phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties, highlighting their potential for future biomedical applications.