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<p>While outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) research in cold climate cities is expanding, comprehensive studies quantifying the seasonal impacts of urban morphology remain limited. This study fills a critical gap by establishing season-specific neutral Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) thresholds in Shenyang (Dwa climate, Northeast China) through 1,009 paired microclimate measurements and subjective surveys. Results show markedly lower thermal neutral points—12.5&#xa0;°C in winter and 22.5&#xa0;°C in summer—reflecting distinct cold-adaptive behaviors. This study provides empirical evidence quantifying the seasonal influences of urban morphology on OTC in a severe cold zone. The proposed Sky View Factor (SVF)-sensitive comfort framework advances climate-responsive design, providing empirical thresholds and parametric tools for cold-region planning. Findings contribute new evidence supporting seasonal adaptation theory and empirically offer a transferable methodology for similar high-latitude cities globally.</p>

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Seasonal outdoor thermal comfort and neutral PET thresholds in a severe cold Dwa climate city of Shenyang China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Lei Fan,
  • Zixian Li,
  • Yan zhou

摘要

While outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) research in cold climate cities is expanding, comprehensive studies quantifying the seasonal impacts of urban morphology remain limited. This study fills a critical gap by establishing season-specific neutral Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) thresholds in Shenyang (Dwa climate, Northeast China) through 1,009 paired microclimate measurements and subjective surveys. Results show markedly lower thermal neutral points—12.5 °C in winter and 22.5 °C in summer—reflecting distinct cold-adaptive behaviors. This study provides empirical evidence quantifying the seasonal influences of urban morphology on OTC in a severe cold zone. The proposed Sky View Factor (SVF)-sensitive comfort framework advances climate-responsive design, providing empirical thresholds and parametric tools for cold-region planning. Findings contribute new evidence supporting seasonal adaptation theory and empirically offer a transferable methodology for similar high-latitude cities globally.