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<p>This paper presents the dynamic analysis and implementation on an Arduino Mega board of a non-smooth air gap permanent magnet synchronous motor at no-load and under load at start-up, under the influence of the stator reference voltage taken in the direct and quadratic axis in the Park reference frame. By using dynamic systems analysis tools such as bifurcation diagrams, phases portraits, and Lyapunov exponents, we showed in this study that the start-up behavior of the system can be influenced by the stator reference voltage. Under certain conditions, for values taken by this voltage and also as a function of the value of the applied load, the system can, in some cases, start in periodic, chaotic, or limit cycle regimes. This paper also shows the presence of crises and restorations during the process. Since chaotic behavior is undesirable in a dynamic system, two controllers have been used to stabilize the system in normal operation (regular operation); a comparative study of the system’s response under the action of these two controllers has been carried out. To verify the results of this work, an implementation on an Arduino Mega board was performed, with satisfactory results.</p>

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Dynamical analysis and linear augmentation control of a loaded NSAG-PMSM: influence of stator reference voltage and Arduino-based validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Arnaud Ngonting Topy,
  • Gideon Pagnol Ayemtsa Kuete,
  • Justin Roger Mboupda Pone,
  • Alex Stephane Kemnang Tsafack

摘要

This paper presents the dynamic analysis and implementation on an Arduino Mega board of a non-smooth air gap permanent magnet synchronous motor at no-load and under load at start-up, under the influence of the stator reference voltage taken in the direct and quadratic axis in the Park reference frame. By using dynamic systems analysis tools such as bifurcation diagrams, phases portraits, and Lyapunov exponents, we showed in this study that the start-up behavior of the system can be influenced by the stator reference voltage. Under certain conditions, for values taken by this voltage and also as a function of the value of the applied load, the system can, in some cases, start in periodic, chaotic, or limit cycle regimes. This paper also shows the presence of crises and restorations during the process. Since chaotic behavior is undesirable in a dynamic system, two controllers have been used to stabilize the system in normal operation (regular operation); a comparative study of the system’s response under the action of these two controllers has been carried out. To verify the results of this work, an implementation on an Arduino Mega board was performed, with satisfactory results.