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<p>We present a spectroscopic investigation of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{169}\text {Tm}^+\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that provides two key foundations for its use as a platform for advanced quantum applications. First, we establish the complete spectroscopic road map for optical cycling (including laser cooling) by performing high-resolution spectroscopy on <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{169}\text {Tm}^+\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ions in an ion trap. We characterize the primary 313&#xa0;nm and complementary 448/453&#xa0;nm cycling transitions, identify the essential near-infrared repumping frequencies, and determine the magnetic-dipole hyperfine <i>A</i> constants for all relevant levels. Second, we report a detailed characterization of a metastable state as a candidate for hosting a robust qubit, performing lifetime measurements and Zeeman-resolved microwave hyperfine spectroscopy with <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{kHz}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> precision.</p>

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Hyperfine spectroscopy of optical-cycling transitions in singly ionized thulium

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Patrick Müller,
  • Andrei Tretiakov,
  • Amanda Younes,
  • Nicole Halawani,
  • Wesley C. Campbell,
  • Paul Hamilton

摘要

We present a spectroscopic investigation of \(^{169}\text {Tm}^+\) that provides two key foundations for its use as a platform for advanced quantum applications. First, we establish the complete spectroscopic road map for optical cycling (including laser cooling) by performing high-resolution spectroscopy on \(^{169}\text {Tm}^+\) ions in an ion trap. We characterize the primary 313 nm and complementary 448/453 nm cycling transitions, identify the essential near-infrared repumping frequencies, and determine the magnetic-dipole hyperfine A constants for all relevant levels. Second, we report a detailed characterization of a metastable state as a candidate for hosting a robust qubit, performing lifetime measurements and Zeeman-resolved microwave hyperfine spectroscopy with \(\textrm{kHz}\) precision.