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<p>To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of MASLD among adolescents in Hainan Province, providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select junior and senior high school students from eight middle schools across five cities in Hainan Province from May to October 2024. A total of 1,750 questionnaires were distributed, with 1,611 valid responses collected (effective recovery rate: 92.06%). Demographic information, lifestyle habits, dietary patterns, fasting abdominal B-ultrasound and FibroScan<sup>®</sup> CAP detection results were collected to diagnose MASLD. Univariate analysis was performed using the χ² test, and multivariate analysis was conducted.All participants underwent both examinations, with CAP values only used for severity grading of MASLD-positive cases. The prevalence of MASLD among adolescents in Hainan Province was 7.64%. Multivariate analysis revealed that obesity and overweight (<i>OR = 1.46</i>,<i> 95% CI = 1.38–1.56</i>, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), family history of MASLD (<i>OR = 9.92</i>,<i> 95% CI = 4.37–22.54</i>,<i> P &lt; 0.001</i>), (a result with potential overestimation due to small exposed subgroup sample size, <i>n</i> = 60), frequent dining out (<i>OR = 4.72</i>,<i> 95% CI = 2.73–8.16</i>, <i>P &lt; 0.001</i>), and regular consumption of hot dogs/grilled skewers (<i>OR = 2.46</i>,<i> 95% CI = 1.39–4.37</i>, <i>P = 0.002</i>) were independent risk factors for MASLD among adolescents. Conversely, regular consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits (<i>OR = 0.23</i>,<i> 95% CI = 0.13–0.42</i>, <i>P &lt; 0.001</i>) was identified as a protective factor. Interactive effect analysis showed that frequent dining out × frequently staying up late (<i>OR = 1.34</i>,<i> 95%CI:0.114–1.73</i>, <i>P = 0.023</i>) and overweight × exercising &lt; 3 times a week (<i>OR = 1.01</i>,<i> 95%CI:0.379-2.70</i>, <i>P = 0.032</i>) suggest synergistic risk effects, but the 95% CIs cross 1, indicating limited statistical stability; family history of MASLD × light diet (<i>OR = 0.14</i>,<i> 95%CI:0.018-1.00</i>, <i>P = 0.050</i>) had a definite protective effect. The overall prevalence of MASLD among adolescents in Hainan Province was 7.64%. Obesity and overweight, family history of MASLD, and frequent dining out were identified as independent risk factors, while regular consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits served as a protective factor.</p>

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Current status survey and risk factor analysis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among adolescents in Hainan Province

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月22日

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  • Shuo Zhou,
  • Daya Zhang,
  • Runyu Chen,
  • Yan-ting Lv,
  • Da Li,
  • Xianfeng Huang,
  • Fengjiao Mao,
  • Shimei Huang,
  • Shiju Chen,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Ying Mo,
  • Yiping Du,
  • Yuliang Huang,
  • Fan Zeng,
  • Qicen Yao,
  • Feihu Bai

摘要

To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of MASLD among adolescents in Hainan Province, providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select junior and senior high school students from eight middle schools across five cities in Hainan Province from May to October 2024. A total of 1,750 questionnaires were distributed, with 1,611 valid responses collected (effective recovery rate: 92.06%). Demographic information, lifestyle habits, dietary patterns, fasting abdominal B-ultrasound and FibroScan® CAP detection results were collected to diagnose MASLD. Univariate analysis was performed using the χ² test, and multivariate analysis was conducted.All participants underwent both examinations, with CAP values only used for severity grading of MASLD-positive cases. The prevalence of MASLD among adolescents in Hainan Province was 7.64%. Multivariate analysis revealed that obesity and overweight (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.38–1.56, P < 0.001), family history of MASLD (OR = 9.92, 95% CI = 4.37–22.54, P < 0.001), (a result with potential overestimation due to small exposed subgroup sample size, n = 60), frequent dining out (OR = 4.72, 95% CI = 2.73–8.16, P < 0.001), and regular consumption of hot dogs/grilled skewers (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.39–4.37, P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for MASLD among adolescents. Conversely, regular consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.13–0.42, P < 0.001) was identified as a protective factor. Interactive effect analysis showed that frequent dining out × frequently staying up late (OR = 1.34, 95%CI:0.114–1.73, P = 0.023) and overweight × exercising < 3 times a week (OR = 1.01, 95%CI:0.379-2.70, P = 0.032) suggest synergistic risk effects, but the 95% CIs cross 1, indicating limited statistical stability; family history of MASLD × light diet (OR = 0.14, 95%CI:0.018-1.00, P = 0.050) had a definite protective effect. The overall prevalence of MASLD among adolescents in Hainan Province was 7.64%. Obesity and overweight, family history of MASLD, and frequent dining out were identified as independent risk factors, while regular consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits served as a protective factor.