<p>We present an end-to-end, symmetry-aware pipeline that converts interacting fermionic and quantum-spin models into annealer-ready QUBOs while preserving low-energy physics. The workflow combines Bravyi–Kitaev encoding, exact <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {Z}_2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> symmetry tapering, Xia–Bian–Kais (XBK) diagonalization to a Z-only form, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k \!\rightarrow \!2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> local quadratization, with ground energies recovered via a Dinkelbach fixed-point over the resulting Ising objective. We validate the approach across a complexity ladder: (i) a frustrated 2D Ising model run on a D-Wave Advantage QPU reproduces the known ferromagnet–stripe transition; (ii) finite-temperature checks on 1D Ising recover standard finite-size trends; (iii) a genuinely quantum spin target (XXZ) matches exact diagonalization (ED) on small chains; and (iv) interacting fermions (t–V) in 1D (rings <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L=2\!-\!8\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) show ED-level energies and the expected kink near <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V/t\approx 2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with a 2D <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2\times 2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> cluster tracking ED slopes up to a uniform offset. A replication-factor study quantifies the accuracy–overhead trade-off, with <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {O}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-of-magnitude error reduction by and diminishing returns beyond <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r\!\approx \!N_q\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Except for the classical Ising benchmark and Molecular benchmarks, experiments use D-Wave’s public DIMOD and Neal simulators; a molecular benzene case in the appendix illustrates portability beyond lattices. The results establish a practical pathway for mapping quantum matter to current annealers, with clear knobs for fidelity, resources, and embedding.</p>

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Mapping of fermionic lattice models for Ising solvers

  • Lakshya Nagpal,
  • Aditya Kumar,
  • S. R. Hassan

摘要

We present an end-to-end, symmetry-aware pipeline that converts interacting fermionic and quantum-spin models into annealer-ready QUBOs while preserving low-energy physics. The workflow combines Bravyi–Kitaev encoding, exact \(\mathbb {Z}_2\) symmetry tapering, Xia–Bian–Kais (XBK) diagonalization to a Z-only form, and \(k \!\rightarrow \!2\) local quadratization, with ground energies recovered via a Dinkelbach fixed-point over the resulting Ising objective. We validate the approach across a complexity ladder: (i) a frustrated 2D Ising model run on a D-Wave Advantage QPU reproduces the known ferromagnet–stripe transition; (ii) finite-temperature checks on 1D Ising recover standard finite-size trends; (iii) a genuinely quantum spin target (XXZ) matches exact diagonalization (ED) on small chains; and (iv) interacting fermions (t–V) in 1D (rings \(L=2\!-\!8\) ) show ED-level energies and the expected kink near \(V/t\approx 2\) , with a 2D \(2\times 2\) cluster tracking ED slopes up to a uniform offset. A replication-factor study quantifies the accuracy–overhead trade-off, with \(\mathcal {O}\) -of-magnitude error reduction by and diminishing returns beyond \(r\!\approx \!N_q\) Except for the classical Ising benchmark and Molecular benchmarks, experiments use D-Wave’s public DIMOD and Neal simulators; a molecular benzene case in the appendix illustrates portability beyond lattices. The results establish a practical pathway for mapping quantum matter to current annealers, with clear knobs for fidelity, resources, and embedding.