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<p>A novel technique for lowering surface water evaporation is validated by this investigation. In the latter scenario, a nanoscale Transparent Conducting Oxide (In:SnO<sub>2</sub>) layer is coated onto a flexible polymeric substrate. It has been demonstrated that the intrinsic properties of the In:SnO<sub>2</sub> TCO coating allow for the relative blockage of infrared solar radiation (&gt; 60% average) while permitting the transmission of ultraviolet and visible solar energy (up to a maximum of 72.4%). Consequently, the bottom surface of the In:SnO<sub>2</sub> TCO/PET and in volume reservoir temperatures are kept at low values throughout its corresponding solar day cycle. Evaporation is significantly low as a direct result. T<sub>UP-Down</sub> (the temperature difference between the In:SnO<sub>2</sub> TCO/PET surface and underneath) and ΔT<sub>UP-Bottom</sub> (the temperature difference between the In:SnO<sub>2</sub> TCO/PET surface and the reservoir bottom) are significant thermal differences in relation to the surface. More specifically, T<sub>UP-Down</sub> ranges from 5.01&#xa0;°C (early artificial solar exposure) to 10.11&#xa0;°C (azimuthal artificial sun exposure). In addition to validating the In:SnO<sub>2</sub> TCO/PET coatings’ efficacy as a possible technique for reducing water evaporation, this method offers the following benefits over other conventional physical, chemical, and bio-based methods. (i) the advantage of optical selectivity; (ii) buoyant as a cover (hydrophobic surface); (iii) the anti-biofouling response of both coated and untreated In:SnO2 TCO-coated surfaces; and (iv) weightless as a cover, which may be economical.</p>

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Nano-scaled In:SnO2 TCOs as a novel technology for minimizing water evaporation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • D. Kpeglo,
  • N. Botha,
  • M. Maaza

摘要

A novel technique for lowering surface water evaporation is validated by this investigation. In the latter scenario, a nanoscale Transparent Conducting Oxide (In:SnO2) layer is coated onto a flexible polymeric substrate. It has been demonstrated that the intrinsic properties of the In:SnO2 TCO coating allow for the relative blockage of infrared solar radiation (> 60% average) while permitting the transmission of ultraviolet and visible solar energy (up to a maximum of 72.4%). Consequently, the bottom surface of the In:SnO2 TCO/PET and in volume reservoir temperatures are kept at low values throughout its corresponding solar day cycle. Evaporation is significantly low as a direct result. TUP-Down (the temperature difference between the In:SnO2 TCO/PET surface and underneath) and ΔTUP-Bottom (the temperature difference between the In:SnO2 TCO/PET surface and the reservoir bottom) are significant thermal differences in relation to the surface. More specifically, TUP-Down ranges from 5.01 °C (early artificial solar exposure) to 10.11 °C (azimuthal artificial sun exposure). In addition to validating the In:SnO2 TCO/PET coatings’ efficacy as a possible technique for reducing water evaporation, this method offers the following benefits over other conventional physical, chemical, and bio-based methods. (i) the advantage of optical selectivity; (ii) buoyant as a cover (hydrophobic surface); (iii) the anti-biofouling response of both coated and untreated In:SnO2 TCO-coated surfaces; and (iv) weightless as a cover, which may be economical.