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<p>Nanoparticles of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> with dilute doped Fe-, W-, and Fe-W co-doped were prepared by using wet chemical sol–gel method. Structural analysis confirmed the dominant orthorhombic α-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> phase with a minor monoclinic V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub> phase, whose fraction increased with doping. Rietveld refinement, and electron density (ED) mapping revealed balanced structural distortion, a strong synergistic effect and enhanced phase stability in Fe-W co-doped V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. Optical studies showed enhanced visible-light absorption and a reduced bandgap from 2.32&#xa0;eV (pristine) to 2.14&#xa0;eV (co-doped), and the formation of shallow and deep defect states that improve charge transfer and suppress recombination. Co-doping induced a morphological transformation from aggregated nanorods to porous, well-aligned nanowires with uniform elemental distribution. Electronic structures confirmed increased V<sup>4+</sup> concentration and higher oxygen vacancy density, optimizing redox active sites. Thus, defect engineering and dual-phase evolution synergistically enhance the photocatalytic performance of co-doped V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. Consequently, the co-doped V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> sample showed exhibited superior photocatalytic performance, following pseudo-first-order kinetics, achieving 99.25% of MB and 98.1% of MO dyes in 30&#xa0;min under direct sun light.</p>

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Fe-W co-doped V2O5 nanostructures with enhanced oxygen vacancy generation for photocatalytic dye degradation

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Akanksha Malik,
  • Sagar Panwar,
  • Deepak Butola,
  • Kriti,
  • Asokan Kandasami,
  • Anshu Singh,
  • Richa Saini

摘要

Nanoparticles of V2O5 with dilute doped Fe-, W-, and Fe-W co-doped were prepared by using wet chemical sol–gel method. Structural analysis confirmed the dominant orthorhombic α-V2O5 phase with a minor monoclinic V3O7 phase, whose fraction increased with doping. Rietveld refinement, and electron density (ED) mapping revealed balanced structural distortion, a strong synergistic effect and enhanced phase stability in Fe-W co-doped V2O5. Optical studies showed enhanced visible-light absorption and a reduced bandgap from 2.32 eV (pristine) to 2.14 eV (co-doped), and the formation of shallow and deep defect states that improve charge transfer and suppress recombination. Co-doping induced a morphological transformation from aggregated nanorods to porous, well-aligned nanowires with uniform elemental distribution. Electronic structures confirmed increased V4+ concentration and higher oxygen vacancy density, optimizing redox active sites. Thus, defect engineering and dual-phase evolution synergistically enhance the photocatalytic performance of co-doped V2O5. Consequently, the co-doped V2O5 sample showed exhibited superior photocatalytic performance, following pseudo-first-order kinetics, achieving 99.25% of MB and 98.1% of MO dyes in 30 min under direct sun light.