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<p>Excessive digital media use (EDMU) represents a growing mental health concern among adolescents. However, it is unclear how implicit and explicit attitudes—automatic emotional vs. conscious rational evaluation—contribute to EDMU, and how these mechanisms differ according to subjective happiness. We analyzed data from 1,425 adolescents (M age = 13.12), to compare high (<i>n</i> = 312) and low subjective happiness (<i>n</i> = 171). Unhappy adolescents exhibited higher EDMU and impulsivity, and lower self-control compared to their happier peers. In this group, positive implicit attitudes toward social media predicted EDMU both directly and indirectly through impulsivity and self-control, while explicit attitudes had only a direct effect. No significant effects of attitudes were found among happy adolescents; however, with higher self-control having a protective effect. The results suggest that implicit and explicit attitudes influence EDMU differently, with their impact depending on subjective happiness, highlighting the need for a graded approach in intervention strategies.</p>

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Subjective happiness moderates the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes and excessive digital media use among adolescents

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Jakub Hladik,
  • Karla Hrbackova,
  • Anna Petr Safrankova

摘要

Excessive digital media use (EDMU) represents a growing mental health concern among adolescents. However, it is unclear how implicit and explicit attitudes—automatic emotional vs. conscious rational evaluation—contribute to EDMU, and how these mechanisms differ according to subjective happiness. We analyzed data from 1,425 adolescents (M age = 13.12), to compare high (n = 312) and low subjective happiness (n = 171). Unhappy adolescents exhibited higher EDMU and impulsivity, and lower self-control compared to their happier peers. In this group, positive implicit attitudes toward social media predicted EDMU both directly and indirectly through impulsivity and self-control, while explicit attitudes had only a direct effect. No significant effects of attitudes were found among happy adolescents; however, with higher self-control having a protective effect. The results suggest that implicit and explicit attitudes influence EDMU differently, with their impact depending on subjective happiness, highlighting the need for a graded approach in intervention strategies.