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<p>Evidence for personality differences between tattooed and non-tattooed adults is mixed. Assessing dimensional maladaptive traits may help clarify these associations. A community sample of adults in Cyprus (<i>N</i> = 280; <i>M</i> = 28.0, SD = 9.5; range 18 to 64) completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form Adult (PID-5-BF) and a Tattoo Coverage Tool estimating the percentage of body surface area tattooed (tBSA). Analyses included t-tests, correlations, and hierarchical regressions controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. More than half (58.6%) of the participants reported having at least one tattoo. Compared with non-tattooed participants, tattooed participants scored higher on Disinhibition (<i>d</i> = 0.47, <i>p</i> &lt; .01) and on the PID-5-BF total (<i>d</i> = 0.29, <i>p</i> = .02). tBSA correlated with Antagonism (<i>r</i> = .26, <i>p</i> &lt; .01), Disinhibition (<i>r</i> = .21, <i>p</i> &lt; .01), and the PID-5-BF total (<i>r</i> = .16, <i>p</i> = .01). Tattoo count showed weaker associations (Disinhibition <i>r</i> = .14, <i>p</i> &lt; .05; Psychoticism <i>r</i> = .12, <i>p</i> &lt; .05). In regressions, Antagonism alone explained 6.8% of the variance in tBSA (<i>p</i> &lt; .001) and Disinhibition alone explained 4.6% (<i>p</i> &lt; .001). In the joint model, Antagonism and Disinhibition explained 7.7% of the variance in tBSA (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), with Antagonism emerging as a significant predictor (<i>p</i> &lt; .01). Men reported higher tBSA and higher Antagonism, Detachment, Disinhibition, Psychoticism, and PID-5-BF total scores; women scored higher on Negative Affectivity. Tattoo presence was associated with higher Disinhibition and a higher overall maladaptive trait load, while Antagonism best tracked tBSA. tBSA was more sensitive than counts for detecting trait associations. Findings support AMPD-aligned assessment and the use of tBSA in community research on tattooing.</p>

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Associations between tattooed body surface area and maladaptive personality traits in a community sample

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月8日

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  • Marios N. Adonis,
  • Mark J. M. Sullman,
  • Aigli Athanasiadou,
  • Timo J. Lajunen

摘要

Evidence for personality differences between tattooed and non-tattooed adults is mixed. Assessing dimensional maladaptive traits may help clarify these associations. A community sample of adults in Cyprus (N = 280; M = 28.0, SD = 9.5; range 18 to 64) completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form Adult (PID-5-BF) and a Tattoo Coverage Tool estimating the percentage of body surface area tattooed (tBSA). Analyses included t-tests, correlations, and hierarchical regressions controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. More than half (58.6%) of the participants reported having at least one tattoo. Compared with non-tattooed participants, tattooed participants scored higher on Disinhibition (d = 0.47, p < .01) and on the PID-5-BF total (d = 0.29, p = .02). tBSA correlated with Antagonism (r = .26, p < .01), Disinhibition (r = .21, p < .01), and the PID-5-BF total (r = .16, p = .01). Tattoo count showed weaker associations (Disinhibition r = .14, p < .05; Psychoticism r = .12, p < .05). In regressions, Antagonism alone explained 6.8% of the variance in tBSA (p < .001) and Disinhibition alone explained 4.6% (p < .001). In the joint model, Antagonism and Disinhibition explained 7.7% of the variance in tBSA (p < .001), with Antagonism emerging as a significant predictor (p < .01). Men reported higher tBSA and higher Antagonism, Detachment, Disinhibition, Psychoticism, and PID-5-BF total scores; women scored higher on Negative Affectivity. Tattoo presence was associated with higher Disinhibition and a higher overall maladaptive trait load, while Antagonism best tracked tBSA. tBSA was more sensitive than counts for detecting trait associations. Findings support AMPD-aligned assessment and the use of tBSA in community research on tattooing.