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<p>Equity in school physical education (PE) resources is widely emphasized, yet county-level evidence rarely distinguishes demand-driven differences from true under-provision or examines how human, material, and financial inputs jointly shape spatial inequality. We develop an entropy-weighted, demand-adjusted PE resource adequacy index for 107 counties in Shaanxi, China (2021–2024) and combine a student-density-based supply–demand typology with spatial diagnostics (standard deviational ellipse; Global and Local Moran’s I), Dagum Gini decomposition, and GeoDetector. Demand-adjusted adequacy shows a persistent core-periphery gradient: in 2024, 75 of 107 counties fall into the Very Low and Low tiers, and extensive Low-Low regimes persist in peripheral areas. Overall inequality peaks in 2022 (Gini = 0.472) and then declines to 0.424 in 2024, but remains structured mainly across prefecture-level cities (≈ 50% of total inequality), with within-city variation small (≈ 9%). Determinants shift over time, and nonlinear interaction enhancement indicates that finance, staffing, and infrastructure operate as complementary inputs rather than independent levers. These findings support jurisdiction-targeted and cluster-oriented intervention packages to reduce demand-adjusted shortfalls.</p>

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Spatial inequality in school physical education resources in Shaanxi, China (2021–2024): patterns, determinants, and policy implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Chengwei Xu,
  • Bing Shi

摘要

Equity in school physical education (PE) resources is widely emphasized, yet county-level evidence rarely distinguishes demand-driven differences from true under-provision or examines how human, material, and financial inputs jointly shape spatial inequality. We develop an entropy-weighted, demand-adjusted PE resource adequacy index for 107 counties in Shaanxi, China (2021–2024) and combine a student-density-based supply–demand typology with spatial diagnostics (standard deviational ellipse; Global and Local Moran’s I), Dagum Gini decomposition, and GeoDetector. Demand-adjusted adequacy shows a persistent core-periphery gradient: in 2024, 75 of 107 counties fall into the Very Low and Low tiers, and extensive Low-Low regimes persist in peripheral areas. Overall inequality peaks in 2022 (Gini = 0.472) and then declines to 0.424 in 2024, but remains structured mainly across prefecture-level cities (≈ 50% of total inequality), with within-city variation small (≈ 9%). Determinants shift over time, and nonlinear interaction enhancement indicates that finance, staffing, and infrastructure operate as complementary inputs rather than independent levers. These findings support jurisdiction-targeted and cluster-oriented intervention packages to reduce demand-adjusted shortfalls.