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<p>Bio-pesticides are currently applied using existing spraying systems, with spray droplet size being a crucial factor influencing canopy penetration, material carrying capacity and the viability of micro-organisms. Hydraulic nozzles atomize spray liquids into droplets ranging from 5 to over 1000&#xa0;μm in diameter. For effective foliar application, the 100–300&#xa0;μm droplet size range is recommended a guideline typically followed for chemical-based sprays and now applied to microbial-based bio-pesticide solutions. This study aimed to validate the droplet size distribution for microbial bio-pesticide solutions within this optimal range. Two bio-pesticides, bacterial-based <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (BBP) and fungal-based <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> (FBP), were evaluated. Experiments were conducted using three liquid solutions (water-only, BBP, and FBP), three types of hydraulic nozzles (HCN/PA, HCN/PB, HCN/PC), and four operating pressures (145, 245, 345, and 445&#xa0;kPa). Droplet size distributions were measured across five size ranges: less than 100&#xa0;μm, 100–200&#xa0;μm, 200–300&#xa0;μm, 300–400&#xa0;μm, and more than 400&#xa0;μm using a droplet size analyzer. The focus of the analysis was on the 100–300&#xa0;μm range, as this is the most effective for crop protection. Nozzle type, operating pressure, and spray solution significantly influenced droplet size distribution (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001); although reductions of 3.22% for <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> and 6.22% for <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> were observed in the biologically optimal 100–300&#xa0;μm range relative to water, the resulting droplet spectra remained suitable for effective microbial bio-pesticide application. This demonstrates the suitability of bio-pesticide solutions for foliar application using conventional spraying systems, optimizing droplet size for effective pest control.</p>

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Droplet size distribution characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana bio-pesticide solutions for hydraulic nozzles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Manish Kumar,
  • C. R. Mehta,
  • K. N. Agrawal,
  • R. K. Sahni,
  • V. K. Bhargav,
  • M. K. Triphathi,
  • V. B. Babu,
  • R R Potdar,
  • Bikram Jyoti

摘要

Bio-pesticides are currently applied using existing spraying systems, with spray droplet size being a crucial factor influencing canopy penetration, material carrying capacity and the viability of micro-organisms. Hydraulic nozzles atomize spray liquids into droplets ranging from 5 to over 1000 μm in diameter. For effective foliar application, the 100–300 μm droplet size range is recommended a guideline typically followed for chemical-based sprays and now applied to microbial-based bio-pesticide solutions. This study aimed to validate the droplet size distribution for microbial bio-pesticide solutions within this optimal range. Two bio-pesticides, bacterial-based Bacillus thuringiensis (BBP) and fungal-based Beauveria bassiana (FBP), were evaluated. Experiments were conducted using three liquid solutions (water-only, BBP, and FBP), three types of hydraulic nozzles (HCN/PA, HCN/PB, HCN/PC), and four operating pressures (145, 245, 345, and 445 kPa). Droplet size distributions were measured across five size ranges: less than 100 μm, 100–200 μm, 200–300 μm, 300–400 μm, and more than 400 μm using a droplet size analyzer. The focus of the analysis was on the 100–300 μm range, as this is the most effective for crop protection. Nozzle type, operating pressure, and spray solution significantly influenced droplet size distribution (p < 0.001); although reductions of 3.22% for Bacillus thuringiensis and 6.22% for Beauveria bassiana were observed in the biologically optimal 100–300 μm range relative to water, the resulting droplet spectra remained suitable for effective microbial bio-pesticide application. This demonstrates the suitability of bio-pesticide solutions for foliar application using conventional spraying systems, optimizing droplet size for effective pest control.