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<p>Polyoxometalates (POMs) have attracted increasing attention as photoactive inorganic materials for dye-related photochemical processes. In this work, a Zn-modified BiW<sub>11</sub> polyoxometalate (Zn-BiW<sub>11</sub>) was synthesized and investigated for the UV-induced photodegradation of two structurally distinct azo dyes, Congo Red (CR) and Phenol Red (PR). Structural and optical characterizations using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy confirm that Zn modification alters the microstructural features and optical response of the parent BiW<sub>11</sub> system. UV-Vis absorption analysis reveals a noticeable narrowing of the optical bandgap from 3.68&#xa0;eV (BiW<sub>11</sub>) to 3.45&#xa0;eV (Zn-BiW<sub>11</sub>), indicating enhanced photo-absorption capability under UV irradiation. Photodegradation experiments demonstrate that Zn-BiW<sub>11</sub> exhibits superior activity toward both dyes, achieving degradation efficiencies of 65.8% for CR and 76.1% for PR, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The faster degradation of PR compared to CR is attributed to differences in molecular structure, charge distribution, and dye-surface interaction. A plausible photodegradation mechanism involving photo-induced reactive oxygen species is proposed based on optical excitation and dye-specific reactivity. The results highlight the effectiveness of Zn-modified POMs as photoactive systems for investigating the photodegradation of dyes and for elucidating structure–reactivity relationships.</p>

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Bandgap engineering and enhanced charge separation in Zn-modified BiW11 polyoxometalate for azo dye photodegradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Suhair A. Bani-Atta,
  • Nada M. Alatawi,
  • E. F. M. El-Zaidia,
  • Fatimah A. Alotaibi,
  • Jozaa N. Al-Tweher,
  • Sahar S. A. Alhawiti,
  • A. A. A. Darwish

摘要

Polyoxometalates (POMs) have attracted increasing attention as photoactive inorganic materials for dye-related photochemical processes. In this work, a Zn-modified BiW11 polyoxometalate (Zn-BiW11) was synthesized and investigated for the UV-induced photodegradation of two structurally distinct azo dyes, Congo Red (CR) and Phenol Red (PR). Structural and optical characterizations using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy confirm that Zn modification alters the microstructural features and optical response of the parent BiW11 system. UV-Vis absorption analysis reveals a noticeable narrowing of the optical bandgap from 3.68 eV (BiW11) to 3.45 eV (Zn-BiW11), indicating enhanced photo-absorption capability under UV irradiation. Photodegradation experiments demonstrate that Zn-BiW11 exhibits superior activity toward both dyes, achieving degradation efficiencies of 65.8% for CR and 76.1% for PR, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The faster degradation of PR compared to CR is attributed to differences in molecular structure, charge distribution, and dye-surface interaction. A plausible photodegradation mechanism involving photo-induced reactive oxygen species is proposed based on optical excitation and dye-specific reactivity. The results highlight the effectiveness of Zn-modified POMs as photoactive systems for investigating the photodegradation of dyes and for elucidating structure–reactivity relationships.