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<p>Mineral sequestration of CO<sub>2</sub> in basalt aquifers is a promising pathway for permanent carbon storage. Within the DemoUpStorage R&amp;D project, CO<sub>2</sub> was dissolved in saline groundwater and co-injected with He as an inert tracer into a deep basalt aquifer at a pilot injection site near Helguvik, Iceland. We tested a combination of two novel geochemical and geophysical tools to monitor the subsurface CO<sub>2</sub> dynamics. Real-time, on-site monitoring of dissolved gases was conducted over one year using a gas-equilibrium membrane-inlet mass spectrometer (GE-MIMS). Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to track changes in aquifer resistivity before and after injection. GE-MIMS measurements revealed a clear increase in He concentrations downstream of the injection point, confirming fluid transport. However, no corresponding CO<sub>2</sub> increase was observed, indicating substantial CO<sub>2</sub> retardation relative to the fluid transport. No anomalies in He or CO<sub>2</sub> were detected in the overlying freshwater aquifer, indicating minimal upward migration. ERT data showed localized resistivity decreases suggesting basalt dissolution near the injection borehole. Together, GE-MIMS and ERT provided complementary, resource-efficient insights into CO<sub>2</sub> transport, reaction, and storage processes in the basalt aquifer. These tools enhance monitoring and assessment capabilities, supporting the development of safe and effective geological CO<sub>2</sub> storage.</p>

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On-site dissolved-gas analysis and electric-resistivity tomography as new tools to trace CO2 mineral sequestration in aquifers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Matthias S. Brennwald,
  • Jonas Simon Junker,
  • Chuan Wang,
  • Rolf Kipfer,
  • Anne Obermann,
  • Martin Voigt,
  • Alba Zappone

摘要

Mineral sequestration of CO2 in basalt aquifers is a promising pathway for permanent carbon storage. Within the DemoUpStorage R&D project, CO2 was dissolved in saline groundwater and co-injected with He as an inert tracer into a deep basalt aquifer at a pilot injection site near Helguvik, Iceland. We tested a combination of two novel geochemical and geophysical tools to monitor the subsurface CO2 dynamics. Real-time, on-site monitoring of dissolved gases was conducted over one year using a gas-equilibrium membrane-inlet mass spectrometer (GE-MIMS). Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to track changes in aquifer resistivity before and after injection. GE-MIMS measurements revealed a clear increase in He concentrations downstream of the injection point, confirming fluid transport. However, no corresponding CO2 increase was observed, indicating substantial CO2 retardation relative to the fluid transport. No anomalies in He or CO2 were detected in the overlying freshwater aquifer, indicating minimal upward migration. ERT data showed localized resistivity decreases suggesting basalt dissolution near the injection borehole. Together, GE-MIMS and ERT provided complementary, resource-efficient insights into CO2 transport, reaction, and storage processes in the basalt aquifer. These tools enhance monitoring and assessment capabilities, supporting the development of safe and effective geological CO2 storage.