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<p>This study introduces a novel quaternary GO@CNT@Fe₃O₄@CuO core-shell nanohybrid designed to overcome impedance mismatch limitations in electromagnetic (EM) absorbers. Through stepwise synthesis, we integrated dielectric (GO, CNT), magnetic (Fe₃O₄), and semiconducting (CuO) components to create synergistic loss mechanisms. When incorporated at only 5 wt% into epoxy resin, the nanocomposite achieved exceptional X-band absorption with a minimum reflection loss of − 37.5 dB at 10.25&#xa0;GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.2&#xa0;GHz (9.0–12.2&#xa0;GHz) at 5.0&#xa0;mm thickness. The enhanced performance stems from balanced complex permittivity (ε′ = 6.1, ε″ = 2.6) and permeability (µ′ = 1.28, µ″ = 0.19), enabling optimal impedance matching and multi-mechanism attenuation through conduction loss, interfacial polarization, and magnetic resonance. This work establishes a design principle for low-loading, high-efficiency EM absorbers suitable for 5G and aerospace applications.</p>

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GO@CNT@Fe₃O₄@CuO quaternary nanohybrids enhance dielectric-magnetic synergy for high-performance epoxy-based electromagnetic absorbers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Leila Akbarzadeh Gholidizchi,
  • Morad Ebrahimkhas,
  • Hossein Hooshyar

摘要

This study introduces a novel quaternary GO@CNT@Fe₃O₄@CuO core-shell nanohybrid designed to overcome impedance mismatch limitations in electromagnetic (EM) absorbers. Through stepwise synthesis, we integrated dielectric (GO, CNT), magnetic (Fe₃O₄), and semiconducting (CuO) components to create synergistic loss mechanisms. When incorporated at only 5 wt% into epoxy resin, the nanocomposite achieved exceptional X-band absorption with a minimum reflection loss of − 37.5 dB at 10.25 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.2 GHz (9.0–12.2 GHz) at 5.0 mm thickness. The enhanced performance stems from balanced complex permittivity (ε′ = 6.1, ε″ = 2.6) and permeability (µ′ = 1.28, µ″ = 0.19), enabling optimal impedance matching and multi-mechanism attenuation through conduction loss, interfacial polarization, and magnetic resonance. This work establishes a design principle for low-loading, high-efficiency EM absorbers suitable for 5G and aerospace applications.