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<p>The corrosion inhibition performance of expired citalopram (Cp) for carbon steel in 1.0&#xa0;M HCl solution was systematically evaluated using chemical and electrochemical techniques. The corrosion rate decreased significantly with increasing Cp concentration, accompanied by a corresponding improvement in inhibition efficiency, which exceeded 92% at a Cp concentration of 0.005&#xa0;M and a temperature of 25&#xa0;°C. The inhibition mechanism was attributed to the adsorption of Cp molecules onto the carbon steel surface, following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption equilibrium constant (<i>K</i><sub>ads</sub>) decreased with increasing temperature, indicating partial desorption of Cp molecules from the steel surface. The negative values of the standard free energy of adsorption (Δ<i>G</i>°<sub>ads</sub>) confirm the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Depending on the solution temperature, Δ<i>G</i>°<sub>ads</sub> values ranged from − 36.16 to − 33.72&#xa0;kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, suggesting that the adsorption mechanism involves a mixed physisorption–chemisorption process. The relatively high adsorption energy values further demonstrate the strong interaction between Cp molecules and the steel surface, accounting for the effective corrosion protection provided by Cp.</p>

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Inhibition efficacy of expired citalopram drug towards the damage of C-steel in hydrochloric acid solution

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月4日

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  • Mahmoud G. A. Saleh,
  • Rasha N. Felaly,
  • H. Hawsawi,
  • Salih S. Al-Juaid,
  • Salah S. Elyan,
  • M. Abdallah,
  • Syed Khalid Mustafa,
  • S. Abd El Wanees

摘要

The corrosion inhibition performance of expired citalopram (Cp) for carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl solution was systematically evaluated using chemical and electrochemical techniques. The corrosion rate decreased significantly with increasing Cp concentration, accompanied by a corresponding improvement in inhibition efficiency, which exceeded 92% at a Cp concentration of 0.005 M and a temperature of 25 °C. The inhibition mechanism was attributed to the adsorption of Cp molecules onto the carbon steel surface, following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads) decreased with increasing temperature, indicating partial desorption of Cp molecules from the steel surface. The negative values of the standard free energy of adsorption (ΔG°ads) confirm the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Depending on the solution temperature, ΔG°ads values ranged from − 36.16 to − 33.72 kJ mol−1, suggesting that the adsorption mechanism involves a mixed physisorption–chemisorption process. The relatively high adsorption energy values further demonstrate the strong interaction between Cp molecules and the steel surface, accounting for the effective corrosion protection provided by Cp.