Scholarlink

<p>IoT devices are increasingly battery-powered, making energy efficiency a primary design concern. This work investigates how Java’s concurrency model (traditional OS threads vs. Virtual Threads) and garbage collection strategies affect battery lifetime. Using a smartwatch case study, we demonstrate that a modern, asynchronous design using Virtual Threads and ZGC achieves a 42% improvement in battery lifetime (7.0&#xa0;h → 10.0&#xa0;h) compared to a traditional blocking implementation. This improvement is driven by a 55% reduction in CPU active time and a 7 × increase in deep-sleep residency. This paper provides quantitative evidence and practical guidelines for building energy-efficient Java applications on constrained embedded devices.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Impact of virtual threads and garbage collection on energy efficiency of Java applications for battery powered IoT devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

查看全文
  • S. Shanjai Kumar,
  • B. N. Sanjai,
  • S. Etheeswar Kaarthi,
  • V. Sivakumar,
  • S. Jagadeesan

摘要

IoT devices are increasingly battery-powered, making energy efficiency a primary design concern. This work investigates how Java’s concurrency model (traditional OS threads vs. Virtual Threads) and garbage collection strategies affect battery lifetime. Using a smartwatch case study, we demonstrate that a modern, asynchronous design using Virtual Threads and ZGC achieves a 42% improvement in battery lifetime (7.0 h → 10.0 h) compared to a traditional blocking implementation. This improvement is driven by a 55% reduction in CPU active time and a 7 × increase in deep-sleep residency. This paper provides quantitative evidence and practical guidelines for building energy-efficient Java applications on constrained embedded devices.