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<p>This study evaluated the effectiveness of organic mulches as a sustainable strategy to mitigate water deficit stress in sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.). A field experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three irrigation regimes—no stress (Irr100, 100% field capacity (FC)), mild stress (Irr80, 80% FC), and severe stress (Irr60, 60% FC)—and four mulch treatments (straw, biochar, vermicompost, and an unmulched control). Severe water stress (Irr60) reduced grain yield and oil yield by 48% and 54%, respectively, compared with optimal irrigation (Irr100). Organic mulching significantly alleviated these losses, with biochar consistently outperforming the other treatments. Under optimal irrigation, biochar increased grain yield by 170% relative to the control, and this advantage increased to 188% under severe stress. Biochar also produced the highest 100-grain weight (0.25&#xa0;g) and improved oil quality by increasing oleic acid content to 50.28%. Mulch application enhanced plant water status and stress tolerance, as indicated by increased relative water content (up to 26% with straw under Irr100), chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and superoxide dismutase) under stress. In addition, biochar-treated plants under severe stress showed the greatest accumulation of osmolytes, including proline (55%) and total phenolics (42%). Overall, biochar was the most effective mulch for enhancing physiological resilience, yield, and oil quality in sesame grown under water-limited conditions, highlighting its potential as a practical management strategy for sustainable sesame production in water-scarce environments.</p>

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Organic mulching enhances Morpho-Physiological performance and yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under water deficit conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Leila Malekiazar,
  • Esmaeil Rezaei-Chiyaneh,
  • Aria Dolatabadian,
  • Kadambot H.M. Siddique

摘要

This study evaluated the effectiveness of organic mulches as a sustainable strategy to mitigate water deficit stress in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). A field experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three irrigation regimes—no stress (Irr100, 100% field capacity (FC)), mild stress (Irr80, 80% FC), and severe stress (Irr60, 60% FC)—and four mulch treatments (straw, biochar, vermicompost, and an unmulched control). Severe water stress (Irr60) reduced grain yield and oil yield by 48% and 54%, respectively, compared with optimal irrigation (Irr100). Organic mulching significantly alleviated these losses, with biochar consistently outperforming the other treatments. Under optimal irrigation, biochar increased grain yield by 170% relative to the control, and this advantage increased to 188% under severe stress. Biochar also produced the highest 100-grain weight (0.25 g) and improved oil quality by increasing oleic acid content to 50.28%. Mulch application enhanced plant water status and stress tolerance, as indicated by increased relative water content (up to 26% with straw under Irr100), chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and superoxide dismutase) under stress. In addition, biochar-treated plants under severe stress showed the greatest accumulation of osmolytes, including proline (55%) and total phenolics (42%). Overall, biochar was the most effective mulch for enhancing physiological resilience, yield, and oil quality in sesame grown under water-limited conditions, highlighting its potential as a practical management strategy for sustainable sesame production in water-scarce environments.