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<p>Using a variety of biological models, including human cell lines, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>,<i> Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> haploid knockout (YKO) strains, this study aimed to examine the genotoxic effects of gold nanorods (AuNRs). <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>E. coli</i> strains will be cultivated on LB agar plates and incubated for 16&#xa0;h at 37&#xa0;°C to perform bacterial tests. The cultures will be subjected to varying quantities of AuNRs after incubation. The comet test will be used to assess the degree of DNA damage in these bacterial strains. Likewise, haploid knockout strains of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> will be grown on YPD plates and incubated at 37&#xa0;°C for 24 to 48&#xa0;h before being exposed to different doses of AuNRs for the yeast model. Following treatment, the comet assay will also be used to evaluate DNA damage in yeast cells. The GeneMANIA platform, which offers functional association data to help the interpretation of the genetic findings, will be used to predict protein-protein interaction networks. The HepG2 liver cancer cell line’s expression levels of cancer-related genes will also be examined using real-time PCR. Particular attention was paid to the <i>p53</i>,<i> Bax</i>, and <i>Bcl-2</i> genes, which are homologous to the chosen yeast genotypes. Findings and outcomes: When compared to untreated control groups, the comet assay findings for both yeast and bacterial cells showed increased tail length, tail DNA percentage, and tail moment, indicating severe DNA damage (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). According to a gene expression study, <i>Bcl-2</i> expression was significantly downregulated, whereas <i>p53</i> and <i>Bax</i> transcripts were upregulated after being exposed to AuNRs. Analysis of protein-protein interactions provided additional information about the functional arrangement of related proteins. Overall, the results indicate that gold nanorods have genotoxic qualities and lower malignant cell viability.</p>

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Comprehensive assessment of gold nanorod-induced genotoxicity using multi-model biological systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Shimaa E. Rashad,
  • Abdelhamid A. Haggran,
  • Ahmed Sabry S. Abdoon

摘要

Using a variety of biological models, including human cell lines, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid knockout (YKO) strains, this study aimed to examine the genotoxic effects of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Salmonella and E. coli strains will be cultivated on LB agar plates and incubated for 16 h at 37 °C to perform bacterial tests. The cultures will be subjected to varying quantities of AuNRs after incubation. The comet test will be used to assess the degree of DNA damage in these bacterial strains. Likewise, haploid knockout strains of S. cerevisiae will be grown on YPD plates and incubated at 37 °C for 24 to 48 h before being exposed to different doses of AuNRs for the yeast model. Following treatment, the comet assay will also be used to evaluate DNA damage in yeast cells. The GeneMANIA platform, which offers functional association data to help the interpretation of the genetic findings, will be used to predict protein-protein interaction networks. The HepG2 liver cancer cell line’s expression levels of cancer-related genes will also be examined using real-time PCR. Particular attention was paid to the p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 genes, which are homologous to the chosen yeast genotypes. Findings and outcomes: When compared to untreated control groups, the comet assay findings for both yeast and bacterial cells showed increased tail length, tail DNA percentage, and tail moment, indicating severe DNA damage (P < 0.05). According to a gene expression study, Bcl-2 expression was significantly downregulated, whereas p53 and Bax transcripts were upregulated after being exposed to AuNRs. Analysis of protein-protein interactions provided additional information about the functional arrangement of related proteins. Overall, the results indicate that gold nanorods have genotoxic qualities and lower malignant cell viability.