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<p>The commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) is hindered by platinum dependency, catalyst degradation, and high costs. This work addresses these challenges by developing carbon-supported trimetallic PdAuM/C (M = Rh, Ir, Ag) electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). Through a controlled synthesis protocol, PdAuM/C nanoparticles (3.1–6.7&#xa0;nm) with alloyed structures were characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX, and XPS. Electrochemical analyses (CV, CA, EIS) in alkaline media revealed unprecedented EOR activity: PdAuRh/C achieved a peak current density of 10,500&#xa0;mA·mg⁻¹<sub>Pd</sub> and onset potential of − 680 mV vs. NHE—5.8× higher current and 195 mV lower overpotential than monometallic Pd/C (1,800&#xa0;mA·mg⁻¹<sub>Pd</sub>, − 485 mV). PdAuIr/C and PdAuAg/C also outperformed Pd/C, though PdAuAg exhibited a typical dual oxidation peaks. The synergistic electronic effects in PdAuRh/C minimized CO poisoning and maximized active sites, positioning it as a sustainable, high-performance alternative to Pt-based catalysts for DEFCs.</p>

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Synthesis of carbon-supported multimetallic palladium-based electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Ahmed ElSheikh,
  • Hesham M. Alsoghier,
  • Hamouda M. Mousa,
  • Chunyu Zhu,
  • James McGregor

摘要

The commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) is hindered by platinum dependency, catalyst degradation, and high costs. This work addresses these challenges by developing carbon-supported trimetallic PdAuM/C (M = Rh, Ir, Ag) electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). Through a controlled synthesis protocol, PdAuM/C nanoparticles (3.1–6.7 nm) with alloyed structures were characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX, and XPS. Electrochemical analyses (CV, CA, EIS) in alkaline media revealed unprecedented EOR activity: PdAuRh/C achieved a peak current density of 10,500 mA·mg⁻¹Pd and onset potential of − 680 mV vs. NHE—5.8× higher current and 195 mV lower overpotential than monometallic Pd/C (1,800 mA·mg⁻¹Pd, − 485 mV). PdAuIr/C and PdAuAg/C also outperformed Pd/C, though PdAuAg exhibited a typical dual oxidation peaks. The synergistic electronic effects in PdAuRh/C minimized CO poisoning and maximized active sites, positioning it as a sustainable, high-performance alternative to Pt-based catalysts for DEFCs.