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<p>The development of environmentally sustainable and non-toxic visible-light (VL) sensitive nanostructured photocatalysts is a significant focus in nanotechnology, necessitating safe synthesis techniques for these nanocomposites. This study introduces a straightforward and low-temperature biosynthesis process using leaf extract from the&#xa0;<i>Avicennia marina</i>&#xa0;mangrove (MTLE) and red soil from Hormoz Island, Iran to produce Ag/AgCl-decorated magnetic ZnO@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, a plasmonic triple heterojunction nanocomposite (NC). The biosynthesized Ag/AgCl/ZnO@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> magnetic NC (BSNC) exhibited a particle size of ~ 60&#xa0;nm, a magnetization of 8.04 emu.g<sup>−1</sup>, and a band gap energy (Eg) of 1.3&#xa0;eV, optimized at an MTLE concentration of 0.5&#xa0;g·100&#xa0;mL<sup>−1</sup>. The concentration of MTLE significantly influenced the properties of the products, acting as a reducing and stabilizing agent. As MTLE concentration increased from 0.125 to 0.5&#xa0;g·100&#xa0;mL<sup>−1</sup>, VL light absorption intensity improved, alongside changes in Eg, suggesting an optimal concentration for enhanced photocatalytic activity. The BSNC demonstrated a broad absorption peak between 400 and 600&#xa0;nm, attributed to surface plasmon resonance and electron dynamics involving Ag/AgCl and ZnO. This biosynthetic approach offers an eco-friendly alternative for producing Ag/AgCl/ZnO@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> plasmonic NCs with improved VL photo-activity.</p>

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Biosynthesis of magnetic ZnO@Fe2O3 nanocomposites decorated with Ag/AgCl using Hormoz Island’s red soil and Avicennia marina leaf extract

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Mohaddeseh Rastgar,
  • Zahra Ghasemi,
  • Fayezeh Samari

摘要

The development of environmentally sustainable and non-toxic visible-light (VL) sensitive nanostructured photocatalysts is a significant focus in nanotechnology, necessitating safe synthesis techniques for these nanocomposites. This study introduces a straightforward and low-temperature biosynthesis process using leaf extract from the Avicennia marina mangrove (MTLE) and red soil from Hormoz Island, Iran to produce Ag/AgCl-decorated magnetic ZnO@Fe2O3, a plasmonic triple heterojunction nanocomposite (NC). The biosynthesized Ag/AgCl/ZnO@Fe2O3 magnetic NC (BSNC) exhibited a particle size of ~ 60 nm, a magnetization of 8.04 emu.g−1, and a band gap energy (Eg) of 1.3 eV, optimized at an MTLE concentration of 0.5 g·100 mL−1. The concentration of MTLE significantly influenced the properties of the products, acting as a reducing and stabilizing agent. As MTLE concentration increased from 0.125 to 0.5 g·100 mL−1, VL light absorption intensity improved, alongside changes in Eg, suggesting an optimal concentration for enhanced photocatalytic activity. The BSNC demonstrated a broad absorption peak between 400 and 600 nm, attributed to surface plasmon resonance and electron dynamics involving Ag/AgCl and ZnO. This biosynthetic approach offers an eco-friendly alternative for producing Ag/AgCl/ZnO@Fe2O3 plasmonic NCs with improved VL photo-activity.