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<p>This paper proposes an innovative image encryption scheme exploiting the chaotic nature of a four-dimensional chaotic system and the computational capability of Langton’s Ant cellular automaton. Traditional three-dimensional chaotic systems often have restricted key space and limited complexity, making them vulnerable to cryptanalysis. To address these limitations, the proposed scheme integrates multi-layered transformations, including chaotic diffusion, symbolic encoding, and dynamic keystream generation. Comprehensive security analyses demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves near-optimal results, including a large key space of approximately 1<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_95511_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(10^{840}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, high entropy (7.9977), and excellent differential attack resistance indicated by NPCR (&#xa0;99.61%) and UACI (&#xa0;33.44%) metrics. The proposed method effectively disrupts pixel correlations, providing robust protection against various cryptographic threats. These results confirm that our encryption approach offers a secure, efficient, and practical solution for protecting multimedia data in modern digital communication systems.</p>

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An image encryption scheme using 4-D chaotic system and cellular automaton

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月4日

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  • Ibrahim Al-Dayel,
  • Muhammad Faisal Nadeem,
  • Meraj Ali Khan,
  • Bahreselam Sielu Abraha

摘要

This paper proposes an innovative image encryption scheme exploiting the chaotic nature of a four-dimensional chaotic system and the computational capability of Langton’s Ant cellular automaton. Traditional three-dimensional chaotic systems often have restricted key space and limited complexity, making them vulnerable to cryptanalysis. To address these limitations, the proposed scheme integrates multi-layered transformations, including chaotic diffusion, symbolic encoding, and dynamic keystream generation. Comprehensive security analyses demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves near-optimal results, including a large key space of approximately 1 \(10^{840}\) , high entropy (7.9977), and excellent differential attack resistance indicated by NPCR ( 99.61%) and UACI ( 33.44%) metrics. The proposed method effectively disrupts pixel correlations, providing robust protection against various cryptographic threats. These results confirm that our encryption approach offers a secure, efficient, and practical solution for protecting multimedia data in modern digital communication systems.