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<p>Male sex is a well-known predictor of short-term prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Data, however, on long-term outcomes are scarce. We aimed to assess the differences in mortality between sexes and find other important predictors of survival from a long-term perspective. Data from all patients retrieved from a database of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at University Hospital in Krakow, Poland, between February 13, 2020, and May 10, 2021, were analyzed for clinical in-hospital data and after a 42&#xa0;months follow-up period. Of the 4071 COVID-19 patients hospitalized, 2183 were men (53.6%). Males were on average younger and more likely to have concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease (including acute and chronic coronary syndrome) compared to women. In terms of laboratory findings, more advanced inflammatory markers and troponin I were predominantly observed in male patients than in female patients. Males were found to have a greater predisposition for relevant cardiovascular comorbidities and were more likely to have died during the 42&#xa0;months follow-up. Additionally, higher levels of troponin I, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and D-dimer were associated with a greater risk of death. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses revealed a worse 42&#xa0;months survival for men up to the age of 65&#xa0;years. Cardiovascular comorbidities, male sex and older age, as well as higher concentrations of markers indicating a thrombotic state and myocardial injury, were associated with poorer long-term prognosis in patients with COVID-19.</p>

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Sex and other predictors of mortality in long-term follow-up of patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: a single-center retrospective study

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月17日

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  • Maryla Kocowska-Trytko,
  • Michał Terlecki,
  • Agnieszka Olszanecka,
  • Christopher Pavlinec,
  • Marek Rajzer,
  • Michalina Adamczyk,
  • Anna Andrychiewicz,
  • Jakub Antczak,
  • Małgorzata Banaszkiewicz,
  • Ilona Barańska,
  • Stanisław Bartuś,
  • Agnieszka Bednarek,
  • Joanna Bednarek,
  • Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała,
  • Artur Igor Bień,
  • Monika Bociąga-Jasik,
  • Łukasz Brandt,
  • Michał Brudło,
  • Amira Bryll,
  • Leszek Bryniarski,
  • Paweł Bryniarski,
  • Barbara Brzychczy,
  • Monika Brzychczy-Włoch,
  • Janusz Bugajski,
  • Beata Bujak-Giżycka,
  • Tomasz Burliga,
  • Natalia Celejewska-Wojcik,
  • Żaneta Chatys-Bogacka,
  • Agnieszka Cholewczuk,
  • Anna Chromik-Legień,
  • Robert Chrzan,
  • Bernadeta Chyrchel,
  • Michał Chyrchel,
  • Kinga Ciesielska,
  • Katarzyna Cyranka,
  • Zlata Czaikivska,
  • Jacek Czepiel,
  • Klaudia Czepiel,
  • Mateusz Czyżycki,
  • Aleksandra Ćwięk,
  • Katarzyna Dembe,
  • Marcin Dembiński,
  • Tomasz Drożdż,
  • Aleksandra Dudek,
  • Dominika Dudek,
  • Mateusz Dwojak,
  • Artur Dziewierz,
  • Anna Dzieża-Grudnik,
  • Małgorzata Fedyk-Łukasik,
  • Mateusz Fiema,
  • Katarzyna Furman,
  • Magdalena Gacek,
  • Mateusz Gajda,
  • Aleksander Garlicki,
  • Jarosław Garlicki,
  • Jerzy Gąsowski,
  • Paulina Gołasa,
  • Tomasz Gosiewski,
  • Karolina Górka,
  • Elżbieta Gradek-Kwinta,
  • Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga,
  • Tomasz Grodzicki,
  • Iwona Gross-Sondej,
  • Barbara Gryglewska,
  • Agnes Hajek,
  • Patryk Hartwich,
  • Jerzy Hohendorff,
  • Hubert Huras,
  • Estera Jachowicz,
  • Jeremiasz Jagiełła,
  • Wojciech Jagiełło,
  • Barbara Kamińska,
  • Aleksander Kania,
  • Michał Kania,
  • Przemysław Kapusta,
  • Paulina Karcz,
  • Łukasz Kasper,
  • Karol Kasprzycki,
  • Jakub Kasprzyk,
  • Barbara Katra,
  • Jolanta Kędzierska,
  • Alicja Kępińska-Wnuk,
  • Tomasz Kęsek,
  • Anna Kiepura,
  • Violetta Kijowska,
  • Marek Klocek,
  • Tomasz Klupa,
  • Magdalena Kołak,
  • Jolanta Kopeć,
  • Marianna Kopka,
  • Małgorzata Kostrzycka,
  • Natalia Kowina,
  • Wojciech Koźmiński,
  • Jacek Krawczyk,
  • Katarzyna Krzanowska,
  • Marcin Krzanowski,
  • Paweł Krzyściak,
  • Wirginia Krzyściak,
  • Michał Kukla,
  • Piotr Kusak,
  • Anna Laskowska-Wronarowicz,
  • Patrycja Lechowicz,
  • Donata Liberacka,
  • Sabina Lichołai,
  • Beata Lickiewicz,
  • Barbara Lorkowska-Zawicka,
  • Magdalena Łomnicka,
  • Stanisław Łukasik,
  • Krzysztof Mach,
  • Józef Madej,
  • Wojciech Majka,
  • Piotr Major,
  • Maciej Małecki,
  • Monika Marona,
  • Andrzej Matyja,
  • Barbara Maziarz,
  • Konrad Mazur,
  • Iwona Mazurkiewicz,
  • Maciej Motyl,
  • Marcin Mrugacz,
  • Krzysztof Mydel,
  • Paweł Nastałek,
  • Magdalena Noga,
  • Klaudia Nowak,
  • Michał Nowakowski,
  • Agnieszka Olszanecka,
  • Rafał Olszanecki,
  • Katarzyna Olszewska-Turek,
  • Wojciech Ostrowski,
  • Ewa Pałczyńska,
  • Anna Pałka,
  • Anna Pastuszak-Draxler,
  • Małgorzata Pawela,
  • Łukasz Pawliński,
  • Ian Perera,
  • Paweł Petkow-Dimitrow,
  • Michał Pędziwiatr,
  • Anna Piątek,
  • Ewelina Piętak,
  • Maciej Pilecki,
  • Karolina Piotrowicz,
  • Adrian Podolski,
  • Kamil Polok,
  • Tadeusz Popiela,
  • Kamila Pośpiech,
  • Marek Przybyszowski,
  • Karolina Puchalska,
  • Agnieszka Pułyk,
  • Krzysztof Pyrć,
  • Krzysztof Pytel,
  • Marek Rajzer,
  • Tomasz Rakowski,
  • Danuta Rojek-Zakrzewska,
  • Dorota Romaniszyn,
  • Anna Różańska,
  • Gabriela Rudnik,
  • Łukasz Rudzki,
  • Monika Rybicka,
  • Justyna Rymarowicz,
  • Agnieszka Rzemińska,
  • Łukasz Rzeszutko,
  • Monika Rzeźnik,
  • Dominika Salamon,
  • Marek Sanak,
  • Dominika Sarna-Palacz,
  • Katarzyna Sawczyńska,
  • Anna Sepioło,
  • Jakub Sewiło,
  • Andżelika Siwiec,
  • Małgorzata Skalska,
  • Małgorzata Skalska-Świstek,
  • Magdalena Skóra,
  • Krzysztof Sładek,
  • Agnieszka Słowik,
  • Agnieszka Sroka-Oleksiak,
  • Aneta Stachowicz,
  • Tomasz Stachura,
  • Anna Starowicz-Filip,
  • Malwina Starzyk,
  • Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek,
  • Magdalena Strach,
  • Michał Struś,
  • Joanna Sulicka-Grodzicka,
  • Andrzej Surdacki,
  • Paulina Surowiec,
  • Maciej Suski,
  • Wojciech Sydor,
  • Joanna Szaleniec,
  • Katarzyna Szczerbińska,
  • Marta Szwajca,
  • Natalia Śmierciak,
  • Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia,
  • Michał Terlecki,
  • Zuzanna Tokarczyk,
  • Jerzy Tomik,
  • Justyna Totoń-Żurańska,
  • Anna Trojan-Królikowska,
  • Aleksander Turek,
  • Damian Ucieklak,
  • Andrzej Urbanik,
  • Jolanta Walczewska,
  • Kamil Wężyk,
  • Alicja Widera,
  • Mateusz Wierdak,
  • Magdalena Wilk,
  • Marek Winiarski,
  • Przemysław Witek,
  • Barbara Wizner,
  • Małgorzata Włodarczyk,
  • Marcin Wnuk,
  • Wiktoria Wojciechowska,
  • Jadwiga Wojkowska-Mach,
  • Jarosław Woroń,
  • Karolina Woziwodzka,
  • Krzysztof Wójcik,
  • Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach,
  • Paweł Wrona,
  • Elżbieta Zarzecka-Francica,
  • Joanna Zarzecka,
  • Barbara Zawadzka,
  • Joanna Zięba-Parkitny,
  • Barbara Żółtowska,
  • Bożena Żurowicz

摘要

Male sex is a well-known predictor of short-term prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Data, however, on long-term outcomes are scarce. We aimed to assess the differences in mortality between sexes and find other important predictors of survival from a long-term perspective. Data from all patients retrieved from a database of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at University Hospital in Krakow, Poland, between February 13, 2020, and May 10, 2021, were analyzed for clinical in-hospital data and after a 42 months follow-up period. Of the 4071 COVID-19 patients hospitalized, 2183 were men (53.6%). Males were on average younger and more likely to have concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease (including acute and chronic coronary syndrome) compared to women. In terms of laboratory findings, more advanced inflammatory markers and troponin I were predominantly observed in male patients than in female patients. Males were found to have a greater predisposition for relevant cardiovascular comorbidities and were more likely to have died during the 42 months follow-up. Additionally, higher levels of troponin I, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and D-dimer were associated with a greater risk of death. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses revealed a worse 42 months survival for men up to the age of 65 years. Cardiovascular comorbidities, male sex and older age, as well as higher concentrations of markers indicating a thrombotic state and myocardial injury, were associated with poorer long-term prognosis in patients with COVID-19.