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<p>In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the potential of natural language processing (NLP) for drug repositioning by analyzing the preventive effects of cardioprotective drugs against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) using electronic medical records. We evaluated the effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ARB/ACEIs), beta-blockers (BBs), statins, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on AIC using signals extracted from clinical texts via NLP. The study included 2935 patients prescribed anthracyclines at a single hospital, with concomitant prescriptions of ARB/ACEIs, BBs, statins, and CCBs. Upon propensity score matching, groups with and without these medications were compared, and expressions suggestive of cardiotoxicity, extracted via NLP, were considered as the outcome. The hazard ratios for ARB/ACEIs, BBs, statins, and CCBs were 0.58 [95% CI: 0.38–0.88], 0.71 [95% CI: 0.35–1.44], 0.60 [95% CI 0.38–0.95], and 0.63 [95% CI: 0.45–0.88], respectively. ARB/ACEIs, statins, and CCBs significantly suppressed AIC, whereas BBs did not demonstrate statistical significance, possibly due to limited statistical power. NLP-extracted signals from clinical texts reflected the known effects of these medications, demonstrating the feasibility of NLP-based drug repositioning. Further investigation is needed to determine if similar results can be replicated using electronic medical records from other institutions.</p>

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Natural language processing of electronic medical records identifies cardioprotective agents for anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月24日

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  • Yoshimasa Kawazoe,
  • Masami Tsuchiya,
  • Kiminori Shimamoto,
  • Tomohisa Seki,
  • Emiko Shinohara,
  • Shuntaro Yada,
  • Shoko Wakamiya,
  • Shungo Imai,
  • Eiji Aramaki,
  • Satoko Hori

摘要

In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the potential of natural language processing (NLP) for drug repositioning by analyzing the preventive effects of cardioprotective drugs against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) using electronic medical records. We evaluated the effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ARB/ACEIs), beta-blockers (BBs), statins, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on AIC using signals extracted from clinical texts via NLP. The study included 2935 patients prescribed anthracyclines at a single hospital, with concomitant prescriptions of ARB/ACEIs, BBs, statins, and CCBs. Upon propensity score matching, groups with and without these medications were compared, and expressions suggestive of cardiotoxicity, extracted via NLP, were considered as the outcome. The hazard ratios for ARB/ACEIs, BBs, statins, and CCBs were 0.58 [95% CI: 0.38–0.88], 0.71 [95% CI: 0.35–1.44], 0.60 [95% CI 0.38–0.95], and 0.63 [95% CI: 0.45–0.88], respectively. ARB/ACEIs, statins, and CCBs significantly suppressed AIC, whereas BBs did not demonstrate statistical significance, possibly due to limited statistical power. NLP-extracted signals from clinical texts reflected the known effects of these medications, demonstrating the feasibility of NLP-based drug repositioning. Further investigation is needed to determine if similar results can be replicated using electronic medical records from other institutions.