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<p>This paper presents a frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna developed for UWB/Ku band applications. The design employs a microstrip-fed Reuleaux-triangle-shaped patch with a defected ground structure. The antenna exhibits a wide operating bandwidth achieved due to rectangular slits integrated into the Reuleaux-triangle patch. Meanwhile, adding rectangular slots in the ground plane improves the return loss level. Frequency reconfigurability is obtained by utilizing PIN diodes to adjust the current distribution, altering the antenna’s electrical length via the capacitive and inductive effects induced by the rings near the feed line. The antenna operates in two distinct frequency bands, 2.68–8.55&#xa0;GHz and 12.7–15.65&#xa0;GHZ, contingent upon the PIN-diodes’ ON/OFF states. In the OFF state, the antenna covers the UWB region, in particular, the ISM band (5.8&#xa0;GHz), WLAN band (5.2&#xa0;GHz), and lower X-band (8&#xa0;GHz), exhibiting a 10&#xa0;dB impedance bandwidth from 2.68 to 8.55&#xa0;GHz with a maximum gain of 2.36 dBi. In the ON state, the antenna functions in the Ku band (12.7–15.65&#xa0;GHz) with gains from 2.63 to 3.85 dBi. The antenna’s dynamic switching between UWB and Ku band operations makes it suitable for applications such as satellite communications, health monitoring, 5G, aerospace, and remote sensing.</p>

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Frequency reconfigurable PIN diode-based Reuleaux-triangle-shaped monopole antenna for UWB/Ku band applications

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月24日

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  • Sena Esen Bayer Keskin,
  • Slawomir Koziel,
  • Stanislaw Szczepanski

摘要

This paper presents a frequency reconfigurable monopole antenna developed for UWB/Ku band applications. The design employs a microstrip-fed Reuleaux-triangle-shaped patch with a defected ground structure. The antenna exhibits a wide operating bandwidth achieved due to rectangular slits integrated into the Reuleaux-triangle patch. Meanwhile, adding rectangular slots in the ground plane improves the return loss level. Frequency reconfigurability is obtained by utilizing PIN diodes to adjust the current distribution, altering the antenna’s electrical length via the capacitive and inductive effects induced by the rings near the feed line. The antenna operates in two distinct frequency bands, 2.68–8.55 GHz and 12.7–15.65 GHZ, contingent upon the PIN-diodes’ ON/OFF states. In the OFF state, the antenna covers the UWB region, in particular, the ISM band (5.8 GHz), WLAN band (5.2 GHz), and lower X-band (8 GHz), exhibiting a 10 dB impedance bandwidth from 2.68 to 8.55 GHz with a maximum gain of 2.36 dBi. In the ON state, the antenna functions in the Ku band (12.7–15.65 GHz) with gains from 2.63 to 3.85 dBi. The antenna’s dynamic switching between UWB and Ku band operations makes it suitable for applications such as satellite communications, health monitoring, 5G, aerospace, and remote sensing.