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<p>This present study deals with the cross-linking of fungal β-glucosidase on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized in <i>C. cajan</i> for in-suit genistein production. The <i>Cajanus cajan</i> leaves were dried and used to prepare their extract at 65&#xa0;°C by agitation for 30&#xa0;min. For enzyme production under submerged culture, 50 mL of medium at pH 8.6 with an inoculum volume of 2 mL; was incubated for 72&#xa0;h with optimized parameters at 30&#xa0;°C. The Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs were synthesized by adding 30 mM Al<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> to 25 mL of leaf extract with NaOH at 65&#xa0;°C for 50&#xa0;min which enhanced the β-glucosidase specific activity when immobilized. Genistein by biotransformation was obtained using both free (0.67 ± 0.42&#xa0;mg/mL) and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> immobilized β-glucosidase (1.3 ± 0.66&#xa0;mg/mL) for 48&#xa0;h. The substrate level and enzyme concentration were 2.5 and 1 mL respectively. The UV visible spectra for leaf extract; free and cross-linked β-glucosidase and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs were at 225, 235, 300, and 210&#xa0;nm. The bands for Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs were achieved at 500–750&#xa0;cm<sup>− 1</sup> which showed the FTIR analysis to check the change in functional groups of free and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> cross-linked β-glucosidase. In XRD analysis, peaks depicted the crystalline structure of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs ranging from 10–50°. The size of NCs was confirmed by using different magnifications (1.01, 2.00, 3.00, 5.00, 7.02, and 10&#xa0;K X) of SEM images obtained. For zeta potential measurements, the peak was obtained at ˗21.0 mV.</p>

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Cross-linking of fungal β-glucosidase on Al2O3 nanocrystals synthesized using Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. extracts for in suit genistein manufacture

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月25日

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  • Sikander Ali,
  • Afra Ejaz,
  • Muhammad Umar Hayyat,
  • Muhammad Usman Ahmad,
  • Zafar Siddique,
  • Baber Ali,
  • Sezai Ercisli,
  • Tabarak Malik,
  • Reem M. Aljowaie,
  • Mohamed Soliman Elshikh,
  • Muhammad Ammar Javed

摘要

This present study deals with the cross-linking of fungal β-glucosidase on Al2O3 nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized in C. cajan for in-suit genistein production. The Cajanus cajan leaves were dried and used to prepare their extract at 65 °C by agitation for 30 min. For enzyme production under submerged culture, 50 mL of medium at pH 8.6 with an inoculum volume of 2 mL; was incubated for 72 h with optimized parameters at 30 °C. The Al2O3 NCs were synthesized by adding 30 mM Al2NO3 to 25 mL of leaf extract with NaOH at 65 °C for 50 min which enhanced the β-glucosidase specific activity when immobilized. Genistein by biotransformation was obtained using both free (0.67 ± 0.42 mg/mL) and Al2O3 immobilized β-glucosidase (1.3 ± 0.66 mg/mL) for 48 h. The substrate level and enzyme concentration were 2.5 and 1 mL respectively. The UV visible spectra for leaf extract; free and cross-linked β-glucosidase and Al2O3 NCs were at 225, 235, 300, and 210 nm. The bands for Al2O3 NCs were achieved at 500–750 cm− 1 which showed the FTIR analysis to check the change in functional groups of free and Al2O3 cross-linked β-glucosidase. In XRD analysis, peaks depicted the crystalline structure of Al2O3 NCs ranging from 10–50°. The size of NCs was confirmed by using different magnifications (1.01, 2.00, 3.00, 5.00, 7.02, and 10 K X) of SEM images obtained. For zeta potential measurements, the peak was obtained at ˗21.0 mV.