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<p>Selective lithium recovery from a mixture of LFP-NMC spent lithium batteries presents significant challenges due to differing structures and elemental compositions of the batteries. These differences necessitate a distinct recycling pathway for each, complicating the process for the mixture. This study explored a carbothermal reduction approach combined with water leaching under atmospheric conditions to achieve a selective lithium recovery. For individual NMC black mass, at the optimal carbothermal conditions (950&#xa0;°C, 15&#xa0;°C/min, 2&#xa0;h), lithium recovery of 95.7 ± 0.31% with 100% selectivity could be achieved. However, when the black mass was mixed with that of LFP in a 50:50 ratio, the recovery dropped to 9.78 ± 0.44%. Solid-state reactions during carbothermal process resulted in the formation of highly insoluble Li<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, and Fe-Ni-Co/Ni-Co alloys, which hinder lithium dissolution. To address these challenges, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> was introduced as an additive to suppress Li<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. The addition of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> to the 50:50 ratio of LFP-NMC black mass, increased lithium recovery to 59.47% with 100% selectivity. This enhancement was due to the stabilization of lithium as Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, a water-soluble compound. The results demonstrated that addition of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> is a promising strategy for improving lithium recovery from mixed LFP-NMC batteries, providing a potential pathway for a more efficient recycling process.</p>

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Lithium recovery from mixed spent LFP-NMC batteries through atmospheric water leaching

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月21日

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  • Indra Perdana,
  • Doni Riski Aprilianto,
  • Farika Asna Fadillah,
  • Riskal Fadli,
  • Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus,
  • Widi Astuti,
  • Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun,
  • Hanida Nilasary,
  • Haryo Satriya Oktaviano,
  • Ferry Fathoni,
  • Edo Raihan,
  • Soraya Ulfa Muzayanha

摘要

Selective lithium recovery from a mixture of LFP-NMC spent lithium batteries presents significant challenges due to differing structures and elemental compositions of the batteries. These differences necessitate a distinct recycling pathway for each, complicating the process for the mixture. This study explored a carbothermal reduction approach combined with water leaching under atmospheric conditions to achieve a selective lithium recovery. For individual NMC black mass, at the optimal carbothermal conditions (950 °C, 15 °C/min, 2 h), lithium recovery of 95.7 ± 0.31% with 100% selectivity could be achieved. However, when the black mass was mixed with that of LFP in a 50:50 ratio, the recovery dropped to 9.78 ± 0.44%. Solid-state reactions during carbothermal process resulted in the formation of highly insoluble Li3PO4, and Fe-Ni-Co/Ni-Co alloys, which hinder lithium dissolution. To address these challenges, Na2CO3 was introduced as an additive to suppress Li3PO4. The addition of Na2CO3 to the 50:50 ratio of LFP-NMC black mass, increased lithium recovery to 59.47% with 100% selectivity. This enhancement was due to the stabilization of lithium as Li2CO3, a water-soluble compound. The results demonstrated that addition of Na2CO3 is a promising strategy for improving lithium recovery from mixed LFP-NMC batteries, providing a potential pathway for a more efficient recycling process.