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<p>This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of the chemically characterized <i>Tilia</i> species (linden) on MIA PaCa-2 cells by analyzing various cancer-triggering mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation status. Extracts from the flowers, bracts, and inflorescences of <i>T. cordata</i>,<i> T. platyphyllos</i>,<i> T. rubra</i>, and <i>T. tomentosa</i> were evaluated for antioxidant activity; subsequently, their ability to mitigate inflammation was assessed through <i>in vitro</i> nitrite assays in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The anticancer potentials of the extracts against MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells were investigated in 2D (cytotoxic effect) and 3D (effect on spheroid growth) models <i>in vitro</i>. All investigated <i>Tilia</i> species displayed remarkable antioxidant activity and significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitrite, IL-6, and PGE<sub>2</sub> production. Extract from <i>T. rubra</i> bracts showed the highest cytotoxic activity against MIA PaCa-2 cells with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.16&#xa0;mg/mL, as well as the most significant delay on spheroid growth, which was further confirmed through the arrest in cell cycle. In the Annexin V cell death assays of <i>T. rubra</i>, cells treated with the flower extract exhibited the highest rate of necrotic population with 66.53%. Overall, our results highlight a potential use for <i>Tilia</i> extracts, particularly <i>T. rubra</i>, in pancreatic cancer treatment by modulating cell death.</p>

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Tilia species (linden) exert anti-cancer effects on MIA PaCa-2 cells through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月17日

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  • Gamze Yüksel,
  • Yağmur Özhan,
  • Dilara Güreşçi,
  • Etil Güzelmeriç,
  • Nisa Beril Şen,
  • İpek Bedir,
  • Onur Senol,
  • Gizem Emre,
  • Dilek Telci,
  • Vilma Petrikaitė,
  • Hande Sipahi

摘要

This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of the chemically characterized Tilia species (linden) on MIA PaCa-2 cells by analyzing various cancer-triggering mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation status. Extracts from the flowers, bracts, and inflorescences of T. cordata, T. platyphyllos, T. rubra, and T. tomentosa were evaluated for antioxidant activity; subsequently, their ability to mitigate inflammation was assessed through in vitro nitrite assays in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The anticancer potentials of the extracts against MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells were investigated in 2D (cytotoxic effect) and 3D (effect on spheroid growth) models in vitro. All investigated Tilia species displayed remarkable antioxidant activity and significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitrite, IL-6, and PGE2 production. Extract from T. rubra bracts showed the highest cytotoxic activity against MIA PaCa-2 cells with an IC50 value of 0.16 mg/mL, as well as the most significant delay on spheroid growth, which was further confirmed through the arrest in cell cycle. In the Annexin V cell death assays of T. rubra, cells treated with the flower extract exhibited the highest rate of necrotic population with 66.53%. Overall, our results highlight a potential use for Tilia extracts, particularly T. rubra, in pancreatic cancer treatment by modulating cell death.