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<p>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has dramatically advanced non-invasive human brain mapping and decoding. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) non-invasively measure blood oxygen fluctuations related to brain activity, like fMRI, at the brain surface, using more-lightweight equipment that circumvents ergonomic and logistical limitations of fMRI. HD-DOT grids have smaller inter-optode spacing (~ 13&#xa0;mm) than sparse fNIRS (~ 30&#xa0;mm) and therefore provide higher image quality, with spatial resolution ~ 1/2 that of fMRI, when using the several source-detector distances (13–40&#xa0;mm) afforded by the HD-DOT grid. Herein, simulations indicated reducing inter-optode spacing to 6.5&#xa0;mm, creating a higher-density grid with more source-detector distances, would further improve image quality and noise-resolution tradeoff, with diminishing returns below 6.5&#xa0;mm. We then constructed an ultra-high-density DOT system (6.5-mm spacing) with 140 dB dynamic range that imaged stimulus-evoked activations with 30–50% higher spatial resolution and repeatable multi-focal activity with excellent agreement with participant-matched fMRI. Further, this system decoded visual stimulus position with 19–35% lower error than previous HD-DOT, throughout occipital cortex.</p>

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Ultra high density imaging arrays in diffuse optical tomography for human brain mapping improve image quality and decoding performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月25日

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  • Zachary E. Markow,
  • Jason W. Trobaugh,
  • Edward J. Richter,
  • Kalyan Tripathy,
  • Sean M. Rafferty,
  • Alexandra M. Svoboda,
  • Mariel L. Schroeder,
  • Tracy M. Burns-Yocum,
  • Karla M. Bergonzi,
  • Mark A. Chevillet,
  • Emily M. Mugler,
  • Adam T. Eggebrecht,
  • Joseph P. Culver

摘要

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has dramatically advanced non-invasive human brain mapping and decoding. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) non-invasively measure blood oxygen fluctuations related to brain activity, like fMRI, at the brain surface, using more-lightweight equipment that circumvents ergonomic and logistical limitations of fMRI. HD-DOT grids have smaller inter-optode spacing (~ 13 mm) than sparse fNIRS (~ 30 mm) and therefore provide higher image quality, with spatial resolution ~ 1/2 that of fMRI, when using the several source-detector distances (13–40 mm) afforded by the HD-DOT grid. Herein, simulations indicated reducing inter-optode spacing to 6.5 mm, creating a higher-density grid with more source-detector distances, would further improve image quality and noise-resolution tradeoff, with diminishing returns below 6.5 mm. We then constructed an ultra-high-density DOT system (6.5-mm spacing) with 140 dB dynamic range that imaged stimulus-evoked activations with 30–50% higher spatial resolution and repeatable multi-focal activity with excellent agreement with participant-matched fMRI. Further, this system decoded visual stimulus position with 19–35% lower error than previous HD-DOT, throughout occipital cortex.