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<p>FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) are widely conserved in nematodes. Here, we conducted a molecular genetic study to confirm that the <i>flp-11</i> gene regulates larval development in the free-living soil nematode model species <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. We demonstrated that: (1) FLP-11 suppresses larval development, resulting in dauer diapause; (2) the production and secretion of FLP-11 by specific neurons is modulated by the availability of food (e.g., <i>Escherichia coli</i>) and by population density, both of which determine larval development/dauer diapause via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-like and insulin-like signaling; (3) the FLP-11 peptide reduces the production and secretion of DAF-7, the sole TGF-β-like protein involved in larval development; (4) FLP-11 is not involved in insulin-like signaling; (5) FLP-11 modulates dauer diapause via neuropeptide receptor-22 (NPR-22), which regulates DAF-7 production and secretion. This study highlights the significance of a short neuropeptide that responds to the growth environment and directly regulates a TGF-β-like protein via its receptor candidate, thereby influencing larval development in <i>C. elegans</i>.</p>

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The FMRFamide-like peptide FLP-11 regulates the production and secretion of the TGF-β-like protein DAF-7 during Caenorhabditis elegans larval development

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Riko Uegaki,
  • Sho Maega,
  • Masahiro Ono,
  • Tomohiro Bito,
  • Takashi Iwasaki,
  • Akira Shiraishi,
  • Honoo Satake,
  • Tsuyoshi Kawano

摘要

FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) are widely conserved in nematodes. Here, we conducted a molecular genetic study to confirm that the flp-11 gene regulates larval development in the free-living soil nematode model species Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrated that: (1) FLP-11 suppresses larval development, resulting in dauer diapause; (2) the production and secretion of FLP-11 by specific neurons is modulated by the availability of food (e.g., Escherichia coli) and by population density, both of which determine larval development/dauer diapause via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-like and insulin-like signaling; (3) the FLP-11 peptide reduces the production and secretion of DAF-7, the sole TGF-β-like protein involved in larval development; (4) FLP-11 is not involved in insulin-like signaling; (5) FLP-11 modulates dauer diapause via neuropeptide receptor-22 (NPR-22), which regulates DAF-7 production and secretion. This study highlights the significance of a short neuropeptide that responds to the growth environment and directly regulates a TGF-β-like protein via its receptor candidate, thereby influencing larval development in C. elegans.