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<p>This study presents a novel green-synthesized iron oxide nanostructure (ION) using <i>Citrullus colocynthis</i> extract (CCE) and functionalized with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) to enhance antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. IONs were synthesized via CCE-mediated reduction or chemical coprecipitation, coated with 8HQ, and characterized by FE-SEM, EDAX, and FT-IR. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> through CLSI-guided MIC/MBC assays, while cytotoxicity was evaluated on MCF7 and Hep-G2 cancer cells using MTT assays. Results demonstrated that CCE-ION exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to chemically synthesized ION. The MIC values for CCE-ION were 125&#xa0;µg/mL for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, 250&#xa0;µg/mL for <i>E. coli</i>, 500&#xa0;µg/mL for <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>C. albicans</i>, and 1000&#xa0;µg/mL for <i>E. faecalis</i>, with corresponding MBC values of 250, 250, 500, 500, and 1000&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively, indicating strong bactericidal and fungicidal properties. FE-SEM analysis confirmed spherical nanoparticles (35–40&#xa0;nm) with balanced iron oxide and organic composition. The 8HQ@CCE-ION nanocomposite exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of ≈ 489&#xa0;µg/mL against MCF-7 cells and ≈ 183&#xa0;µg/mL against Hep-G2 cells (compared to ≈ &gt; 500&#xa0;µg/mL and ≈ 450&#xa0;µg/mL for free CCE, respectively), achieving &gt; 80% cell death at 250&#xa0;µg/mL and highlighting enhanced cellular uptake and synergistic effects. This eco-friendly nanoplatform successfully integrates CCE’s natural bioactivity with 8HQ’s metal-chelating properties, achieving significant pathogen viability reduction at MIC doses while offering promising anticancer potential. The dual-functional approach positions 8HQ@CCE-ION as a potential therapeutic candidate for drug-resistant infections and cancer treatment.</p>

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Bioinspired 8‑hydroxyquinoline-Fe3O4 nanostructures from Citrullus colocynthis exhibit strong antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Ahmad Gholami,
  • Milad Mohkam,
  • Navid Omidifar,
  • Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi,
  • Khadije Yousefi,
  • Mohammad Hashem Hashempur,
  • Kamran Bagheri Lankarani,
  • Wei-Hung Chiang,
  • Chin Wei Lai

摘要

This study presents a novel green-synthesized iron oxide nanostructure (ION) using Citrullus colocynthis extract (CCE) and functionalized with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) to enhance antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. IONs were synthesized via CCE-mediated reduction or chemical coprecipitation, coated with 8HQ, and characterized by FE-SEM, EDAX, and FT-IR. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans through CLSI-guided MIC/MBC assays, while cytotoxicity was evaluated on MCF7 and Hep-G2 cancer cells using MTT assays. Results demonstrated that CCE-ION exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to chemically synthesized ION. The MIC values for CCE-ION were 125 µg/mL for P. aeruginosa, 250 µg/mL for E. coli, 500 µg/mL for S. aureus and C. albicans, and 1000 µg/mL for E. faecalis, with corresponding MBC values of 250, 250, 500, 500, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively, indicating strong bactericidal and fungicidal properties. FE-SEM analysis confirmed spherical nanoparticles (35–40 nm) with balanced iron oxide and organic composition. The 8HQ@CCE-ION nanocomposite exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of ≈ 489 µg/mL against MCF-7 cells and ≈ 183 µg/mL against Hep-G2 cells (compared to ≈ > 500 µg/mL and ≈ 450 µg/mL for free CCE, respectively), achieving > 80% cell death at 250 µg/mL and highlighting enhanced cellular uptake and synergistic effects. This eco-friendly nanoplatform successfully integrates CCE’s natural bioactivity with 8HQ’s metal-chelating properties, achieving significant pathogen viability reduction at MIC doses while offering promising anticancer potential. The dual-functional approach positions 8HQ@CCE-ION as a potential therapeutic candidate for drug-resistant infections and cancer treatment.