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<p>A novel CoAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@ZnO nanocomposite (NC) was synthesized via a green, low-cost, and simple sol-gel method using <i>Amygdalus scoparia Spach</i> gum. The photocatalytic efficacy of the produced CoAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@ZnO NC was examined for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible light (fluorescent lamp, 80&#xa0;W, λ &gt; 400&#xa0;nm). The CoAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@ZnO NC analyzed using XRD, BET, UV-Vis-DRS, FESEM, TEM and EDX. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of CoAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with a cubic spinel structure and ZnO with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of approximately 40 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The band gap energy was estimated to be around 3&#xa0;eV using the Tauc equation. The CoAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@ZnO NC demonstrated significant photocatalytic efficacy, achieving 92.93% degradation of tetracycline in 45&#xa0;min under visible light irradiation. The addition of ethanol as a scavenger led to reduced photocatalytic activity which demonstrates that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) play a crucial role in the degradation process. LC-MS analysis identified multiple intermediate products (m/z = 358, 276, 260, 208, 192, 118, 104, 86) during the photodegradation of tetracycline, confirming the proposed degradation pathway. The nanocomposite maintained stability and photocatalytic efficiency throughout five repeated tests, showing only a minimal reduction of 3% in activity after the fifth cycle.</p>

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Green synthesis of CoAl2O4@ZnO nanocomposite using Aamygdalus scoparia Spach gum and its photocatalytic activity for tetracycline degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Farzaneh Nejadkhorasani,
  • Hassan Zali Boeini,
  • Saeid Taghavi Fardood

摘要

A novel CoAl2O4@ZnO nanocomposite (NC) was synthesized via a green, low-cost, and simple sol-gel method using Amygdalus scoparia Spach gum. The photocatalytic efficacy of the produced CoAl2O4@ZnO NC was examined for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible light (fluorescent lamp, 80 W, λ > 400 nm). The CoAl2O4@ZnO NC analyzed using XRD, BET, UV-Vis-DRS, FESEM, TEM and EDX. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of CoAl2O4 with a cubic spinel structure and ZnO with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of approximately 40 m2/g. The band gap energy was estimated to be around 3 eV using the Tauc equation. The CoAl2O4@ZnO NC demonstrated significant photocatalytic efficacy, achieving 92.93% degradation of tetracycline in 45 min under visible light irradiation. The addition of ethanol as a scavenger led to reduced photocatalytic activity which demonstrates that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) play a crucial role in the degradation process. LC-MS analysis identified multiple intermediate products (m/z = 358, 276, 260, 208, 192, 118, 104, 86) during the photodegradation of tetracycline, confirming the proposed degradation pathway. The nanocomposite maintained stability and photocatalytic efficiency throughout five repeated tests, showing only a minimal reduction of 3% in activity after the fifth cycle.