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<p>This study primarily focuses on how the expired pharmaceutical 2-[(Butylamino)propan-2-yl]phosphinic acid (BAMPA), which contains both an amino and phosphinic acid group, can form a highly effective protective layer on the carbon steel surface using potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Electrochemical experiments reveal that BAMPA adsorbs to carbon steel, producing a protective coating. At 500 ppm BAMPA, charge transfer resistance (<i>R</i><sub>ct</sub>) rose from 18.88 to 160.1 Ω cm², while double layer capacitance (<i>C</i><sub>dl</sub>) decreased, indicating a reduced surface area for corrosion. The inhibition efficiency reached 95.20% at 500 ppm BAMPA. Theoretical calculations of electronic properties, including E<sub>HOMO</sub> (− 4.106&#xa0;eV), E<sub>LUMO</sub> (− 3.279&#xa0;eV), and an energy gap of 0.827&#xa0;eV, support BAMPA’s high reactivity and potential for effective electron transfer. These findings confirm BAMPA’s potential as a viable corrosion inhibitor.</p>

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Reviving expired pharmaceuticals using 2-[(butylamino)propan-2-yl]phosphinic acid for corrosion protection of carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Reda Abdel-Hameed,
  • Ashraf M. Ashmawy,
  • Mahmoud AlElaimi,
  • Nagah M. Abourashed,
  • Odeh A. O. Alshammari,
  • Kaseb D. Alanazi,
  • M. A. Deyab

摘要

This study primarily focuses on how the expired pharmaceutical 2-[(Butylamino)propan-2-yl]phosphinic acid (BAMPA), which contains both an amino and phosphinic acid group, can form a highly effective protective layer on the carbon steel surface using potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Electrochemical experiments reveal that BAMPA adsorbs to carbon steel, producing a protective coating. At 500 ppm BAMPA, charge transfer resistance (Rct) rose from 18.88 to 160.1 Ω cm², while double layer capacitance (Cdl) decreased, indicating a reduced surface area for corrosion. The inhibition efficiency reached 95.20% at 500 ppm BAMPA. Theoretical calculations of electronic properties, including EHOMO (− 4.106 eV), ELUMO (− 3.279 eV), and an energy gap of 0.827 eV, support BAMPA’s high reactivity and potential for effective electron transfer. These findings confirm BAMPA’s potential as a viable corrosion inhibitor.