<p>Starting from the elastic light scattering and the induced fluorescence emission from airborne particles and extending to the counting and differentiation of the associated signals, a framework is proposed to describe the detection of bioaerosols using an image sensor. For validation, monodisperse NaCl particles were generated to mimic abiotic particles, while monodisperse 1% mass riboflavin particles were generated to mimic biotic particles. By challenging a prototype sensor with these particles, the exposure time, particle speed, and signal-to-noise ratio were shown to be critical parameters for detection. Additionally, it was displayed that the induced fluorescence emission can be isolated from the elastic light scattering by using a well-selected long-pass filter. Furthermore, correlating the color of the captured signals to an induced fluorescence contribution was shown to be a potential avenue of differentiation between biotic and abiotic particles. It is predicted that this color differentiation method can distinguish between a near-continuous range of visible induced fluorescence emission wavelengths, giving the ability to distinguish individual fluorophores from one another using simple filtering and a single detector. This framework will be used to further optimize the image-based bioaerosol sensor evaluated here.</p>