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<p>Ferrite nanoparticles (FNPs), especially copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe₂O₄ NPs), are a promising platform in nanomedicine for targeted cancer treatment. Consequently, unique CuFe₂O₄ NPs were functionalized with a bioactive extract derived from <i>Salinicoccus</i> sp. RM1, a halophilic bacterial strain obtained from the Red Sea. The bacterial extract, abundant in menaquinone (MK) homologs (MK-4 to MK-13) as verified by LC-QTOF-MS, used as an excellent functionalizing agent to produced MK-loaded nanoparticles (CuFe₂O₄ NPs-MK). Prepared NPs were analyzed using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, particle size analysis and magnetic susceptibility analysis, confirming the effective production and functionalization of the NPs. CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs modified with MK exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, yielding an IC₅₀ of 48.94&#xa0;µg/ml and a notable 45% reduction in <i>BCL-2</i> expression, while <i>BAX</i> expression experienced a marginal 3.4% rise. This study demonstrates its strength in innovative design and comprehensive characterization of a novel anti-cancer nanocomposite (CuFe₂O₄ NPs-MK), utilizing sustainably sourced marine MKs to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells by modulating the BAX/BCL-2 gene ratio.</p>

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Extraction, LC-QTOF-MS profiling of bacterial menaquinone (MK) and characterization of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles loaded MK: potential anti-cancer via gene expression

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • Reem M. Farsi,
  • Mohamed S. Abdelwahab

摘要

Ferrite nanoparticles (FNPs), especially copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe₂O₄ NPs), are a promising platform in nanomedicine for targeted cancer treatment. Consequently, unique CuFe₂O₄ NPs were functionalized with a bioactive extract derived from Salinicoccus sp. RM1, a halophilic bacterial strain obtained from the Red Sea. The bacterial extract, abundant in menaquinone (MK) homologs (MK-4 to MK-13) as verified by LC-QTOF-MS, used as an excellent functionalizing agent to produced MK-loaded nanoparticles (CuFe₂O₄ NPs-MK). Prepared NPs were analyzed using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, particle size analysis and magnetic susceptibility analysis, confirming the effective production and functionalization of the NPs. CuFe2O4 NPs modified with MK exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, yielding an IC₅₀ of 48.94 µg/ml and a notable 45% reduction in BCL-2 expression, while BAX expression experienced a marginal 3.4% rise. This study demonstrates its strength in innovative design and comprehensive characterization of a novel anti-cancer nanocomposite (CuFe₂O₄ NPs-MK), utilizing sustainably sourced marine MKs to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells by modulating the BAX/BCL-2 gene ratio.