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<p>The mercury ion microwave clock is considered to be one of the leading candidates for new generation satellite navigation atomic clocks due to its excellent long-term frequency stability, extremely low frequency drift rate, high reliability and good potential for miniaturization. In recent years, the performance and maturity of the space mercury ion microwave clock have improved rapidly, and the reported long-term stability results are mostly in low 10<sup>− 15</sup> level. In this article, we present a compact laboratory prototype of mercury ion microwave clock aiming to spaceborne applications with the long-term stability below 1 × 10<sup>− 15</sup>. By regulating the physical effects contributing to the clock transition frequency shifts, the clock maintains a white frequency noise Allan deviation of 2.8 × 10<sup>− 13</sup>/<i>τ</i><sup>1/2</sup> with the averaging time <i>τ</i> over 10<sup>5</sup> s and achieves the long-term stability of 6.3 × 10<sup>− 16</sup> for averaging times of 200,000&#xa0;s. The space mercury ion microwave clock with such level performance will benefit the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and a wide range of space science and missions.&#xa0;</p>

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Realization of a compact mercury ion microwave clock with frequency stability of 6.3 × 10− 16

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Hao Liu,
  • Yihe Chen,
  • Jian Wang,
  • Shuhong Huang,
  • Longbao Xiang,
  • Shicheng Yu,
  • Chengbin Li,
  • Lijun Du,
  • Lei She

摘要

The mercury ion microwave clock is considered to be one of the leading candidates for new generation satellite navigation atomic clocks due to its excellent long-term frequency stability, extremely low frequency drift rate, high reliability and good potential for miniaturization. In recent years, the performance and maturity of the space mercury ion microwave clock have improved rapidly, and the reported long-term stability results are mostly in low 10− 15 level. In this article, we present a compact laboratory prototype of mercury ion microwave clock aiming to spaceborne applications with the long-term stability below 1 × 10− 15. By regulating the physical effects contributing to the clock transition frequency shifts, the clock maintains a white frequency noise Allan deviation of 2.8 × 10− 13/τ1/2 with the averaging time τ over 105 s and achieves the long-term stability of 6.3 × 10− 16 for averaging times of 200,000 s. The space mercury ion microwave clock with such level performance will benefit the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and a wide range of space science and missions.