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<p>The persistence of the pesticide Chlorpyrifos (CPS) in agricultural wastewater poses serious environmental challenges, necessitating effective remediation strategies. In this study, a TiO<sub>2</sub>/Chitosan/Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> (TiO<sub>2</sub>/CS/Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) nanocomposite was synthesised and evaluated for photocatalytic CPS degradation under both UV and visible light. Structural and optical characterization (XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, PL, FT-IR, DLS, UV-Vis, and DRS) confirmed the successful incorporation of Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles into the TiO₂/CS matrix and demonstrated a reduced band gap with enhanced light absorption across the UV-visible spectrum. Photocatalytic experiments revealed that the nanocomposite exhibited markedly higher activity than pure TiO<sub>2</sub>, achieving 5.35-fold improvement under UV and 1.96-fold under visible light. Optimization of key parameters showed maximum degradation efficiency (91.52%) for 100 ppm CPS at pH 4, using 0.146&#xa0;mg catalyst after 60&#xa0;min of irradiation. Mechanistic investigations indicated that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and photogenerated holes (h<sup>+</sup>) were the dominant reactive species responsible for degradation. These results demonstrate that TiO₂/CS/Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> is a stable, efficient, and environmentally friendly photocatalyst with strong potential for removing persistent organic pollutants from wastewater.</p>

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Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of chlorpyrifos in wastewater using a TiO2/chitosan/Ag2CO3 nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization, and optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Abdolhadi Farrokhnia,
  • Maryam Mousavi,
  • Mohamad Javaherian

摘要

The persistence of the pesticide Chlorpyrifos (CPS) in agricultural wastewater poses serious environmental challenges, necessitating effective remediation strategies. In this study, a TiO2/Chitosan/Ag2CO2 (TiO2/CS/Ag2CO2) nanocomposite was synthesised and evaluated for photocatalytic CPS degradation under both UV and visible light. Structural and optical characterization (XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, PL, FT-IR, DLS, UV-Vis, and DRS) confirmed the successful incorporation of Ag2CO2 nanoparticles into the TiO₂/CS matrix and demonstrated a reduced band gap with enhanced light absorption across the UV-visible spectrum. Photocatalytic experiments revealed that the nanocomposite exhibited markedly higher activity than pure TiO2, achieving 5.35-fold improvement under UV and 1.96-fold under visible light. Optimization of key parameters showed maximum degradation efficiency (91.52%) for 100 ppm CPS at pH 4, using 0.146 mg catalyst after 60 min of irradiation. Mechanistic investigations indicated that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and photogenerated holes (h+) were the dominant reactive species responsible for degradation. These results demonstrate that TiO₂/CS/Ag2CO2 is a stable, efficient, and environmentally friendly photocatalyst with strong potential for removing persistent organic pollutants from wastewater.