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<p>This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of Rigid Inclusion (RI) columns through the application of the Composite Modulus Calculation (CMC) methodology, addressing both short-term mechanical behavior and long-term settlement trends. The investigation is based on a real-world infrastructure project situated along the southern coast of Iran, involving the construction of large-scale storage tanks on geotechnically problematic soils. In the short-term analysis, a three-dimensional numerical model was developed and calibrated using the results of a full-scale static load test conducted on a single RI column. The close agreement between measured and simulated responses substantiates the accuracy of the adopted numerical approach. Subsequently, long-term performance was assessed via systematic interpretation of settlement monitoring data, analyzed within the CMC framework to capture the time-dependent behavior of the ground-structure system. Results indicate a pronounced mitigation of vertical deformations following ground improvement. Specifically, center settlements were reduced from an initial estimated value of approximately 42.3&#xa0;cm to 17.9&#xa0;cm, while peripheral settlements declined from 36.7&#xa0;cm to 18.1&#xa0;cm. These reductions signify the effectiveness of RI columns in enhancing vertical load distribution and controlling excessive settlements. Moreover, the utilization of RIs with varying embedment depths successfully minimized differential settlement across the tank footprint, maintaining total and differential displacements within permissible engineering thresholds. A hydrostatic loading test, spanning 133 days and achieving a maximum water elevation of 18&#xa0;m, served as a validation benchmark. The recorded settlement profiles exhibited strong correlation with numerical predictions, reinforcing the robustness and conservative nature of the modeling strategy. The findings underscore the practical applicability and reliability of the CMC approach in large-scale geotechnical design scenarios involving extensive RI networks. The method offers a computationally efficient yet accurate alternative to fully discretized modeling techniques, particularly in cases demanding high-volume parametric analyses and performance-based design assessments.</p>

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Rigid inclusion columns and the composite modulus method for enhancing storage tank foundation bearing capacity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Rasool Sadeghian,
  • Ahmad Reza Mahboubi Ardakani,
  • Hamid Mohammadnezhad

摘要

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of Rigid Inclusion (RI) columns through the application of the Composite Modulus Calculation (CMC) methodology, addressing both short-term mechanical behavior and long-term settlement trends. The investigation is based on a real-world infrastructure project situated along the southern coast of Iran, involving the construction of large-scale storage tanks on geotechnically problematic soils. In the short-term analysis, a three-dimensional numerical model was developed and calibrated using the results of a full-scale static load test conducted on a single RI column. The close agreement between measured and simulated responses substantiates the accuracy of the adopted numerical approach. Subsequently, long-term performance was assessed via systematic interpretation of settlement monitoring data, analyzed within the CMC framework to capture the time-dependent behavior of the ground-structure system. Results indicate a pronounced mitigation of vertical deformations following ground improvement. Specifically, center settlements were reduced from an initial estimated value of approximately 42.3 cm to 17.9 cm, while peripheral settlements declined from 36.7 cm to 18.1 cm. These reductions signify the effectiveness of RI columns in enhancing vertical load distribution and controlling excessive settlements. Moreover, the utilization of RIs with varying embedment depths successfully minimized differential settlement across the tank footprint, maintaining total and differential displacements within permissible engineering thresholds. A hydrostatic loading test, spanning 133 days and achieving a maximum water elevation of 18 m, served as a validation benchmark. The recorded settlement profiles exhibited strong correlation with numerical predictions, reinforcing the robustness and conservative nature of the modeling strategy. The findings underscore the practical applicability and reliability of the CMC approach in large-scale geotechnical design scenarios involving extensive RI networks. The method offers a computationally efficient yet accurate alternative to fully discretized modeling techniques, particularly in cases demanding high-volume parametric analyses and performance-based design assessments.