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<p>Vaccination prevents millions of childhood deaths annually, yet 23&#xa0;million infants still miss essential vaccines, mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Low coverage is particularly concerting in countries with high paediatric HIV prevalence. In Equatorial Guinea, where 6% of children live with HIV and vaccination coverage remains limited, information on vaccine-induced immunity is scarce. We conducted a cohort study to evaluate immunity against six vaccine-preventable diseases in HIV-exposed children from Bata. Plasma samples from 69 children (55 HIV+/14 exposed uninfected) collected between 2019 and 2021 were analysed by a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Despite antiretroviral therapy, only 18.5% of HIV + children achieved viral suppression. Reported vaccination coverage for DTP and measles was lower than WHO-UNICEF estimates. IgG antibody levels was 68.1% for diphtheria, 13% for tetanus, 5.8% for pertussis, and 49.3% for measles. Although mumps and rubella vaccines are not included in the national schedule, antibody prevalence was 79.7% and 59.4%, respectively, suggesting natural exposure. Vaccination records were incomplete for half of the children. HIV-exposed children in EG show insufficient antibody levels against major vaccine-preventable pathogens. Strengthening immunization services, improving vaccine record systems, and tailoring strategies for HIV-exposed children are critical priorities.</p>

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Immunity to six vaccine pathogens in HIV positive and HIV negative children in Equatorial Guinea

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Ana Rodriguez-Galet,
  • Judit Ventosa-Cubillo,
  • Manuel Eyene,
  • Teresa Mikue-Owono,
  • Jesús Nzang,
  • Policarpo Ncogo,
  • Agustín Benito,
  • Angela Domínguez-García,
  • África Holguín

摘要

Vaccination prevents millions of childhood deaths annually, yet 23 million infants still miss essential vaccines, mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Low coverage is particularly concerting in countries with high paediatric HIV prevalence. In Equatorial Guinea, where 6% of children live with HIV and vaccination coverage remains limited, information on vaccine-induced immunity is scarce. We conducted a cohort study to evaluate immunity against six vaccine-preventable diseases in HIV-exposed children from Bata. Plasma samples from 69 children (55 HIV+/14 exposed uninfected) collected between 2019 and 2021 were analysed by a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Despite antiretroviral therapy, only 18.5% of HIV + children achieved viral suppression. Reported vaccination coverage for DTP and measles was lower than WHO-UNICEF estimates. IgG antibody levels was 68.1% for diphtheria, 13% for tetanus, 5.8% for pertussis, and 49.3% for measles. Although mumps and rubella vaccines are not included in the national schedule, antibody prevalence was 79.7% and 59.4%, respectively, suggesting natural exposure. Vaccination records were incomplete for half of the children. HIV-exposed children in EG show insufficient antibody levels against major vaccine-preventable pathogens. Strengthening immunization services, improving vaccine record systems, and tailoring strategies for HIV-exposed children are critical priorities.