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<p>This paper presents the design and fabrication of a slant-polarized monopulse array antenna featuring a cosecant-squared radiation pattern for accurate target tracking. The proposed 2 × 8 microstrip array employs a modified proximity coupling scheme and incorporates metallic walls to reduce mutual coupling. A strategically placed ground plane enhances the gain, suppresses the back lobe, and improves isolation from the surrounding environment. The amplitude and phase excitations are optimized with a genetic algorithm that accounts for mutual coupling to synthesize the desired cosecant-squared pattern. A rectangular 180-degree hybrid coupler is integrated to enable monopulse operation in the azimuth plane, thereby improving tracking performance. Measurement results of the fabricated prototype demonstrate a 34% impedance bandwidth (3.8–5.4 GHz), a peak gain of 13.05 dBi, a sidelobe level of 13 dB, a null depth of 24 dB, and an elevation plane beamwidth of 24° at the center frequency, all of which align closely with simulation results. The measured radiation pattern accurately follows the ideal cosecant-squared curve.</p>

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Design and fabrication of a slant polarized monopulse antenna array with a cosecant squared beam for tracking applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Seyed Mohammad Javad Razavi,
  • Seyed Mohammad Hamidi,
  • Seyed Ali Hamidi

摘要

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a slant-polarized monopulse array antenna featuring a cosecant-squared radiation pattern for accurate target tracking. The proposed 2 × 8 microstrip array employs a modified proximity coupling scheme and incorporates metallic walls to reduce mutual coupling. A strategically placed ground plane enhances the gain, suppresses the back lobe, and improves isolation from the surrounding environment. The amplitude and phase excitations are optimized with a genetic algorithm that accounts for mutual coupling to synthesize the desired cosecant-squared pattern. A rectangular 180-degree hybrid coupler is integrated to enable monopulse operation in the azimuth plane, thereby improving tracking performance. Measurement results of the fabricated prototype demonstrate a 34% impedance bandwidth (3.8–5.4 GHz), a peak gain of 13.05 dBi, a sidelobe level of 13 dB, a null depth of 24 dB, and an elevation plane beamwidth of 24° at the center frequency, all of which align closely with simulation results. The measured radiation pattern accurately follows the ideal cosecant-squared curve.