<p>Physical activity has become a vital means for psychological adjustment. This study aims to explore the relationship between physical activity and subjective well-being among college students, as well as the mediating roles of perceived social support, self-esteem, and psychological resilience. Researchers randomly selected 846 college students for this study, utilizing scales for physical activity, social support, psychological resilience, self-esteem, and subjective well-being to survey the current status of these variables among the student population. The results indicate that physical activity significantly positively affects perceived social support, self-esteem, and psychological resilience within the college student group. Both perceived social support and self-esteem also significantly positively impact subjective well-being. However, the direct effects of physical activity and psychological resilience on subjective well-being are not significant. Moreover, perceived social support and self-esteem mediate the impact of physical activity on subjective well-being, while psychological resilience does not serve a mediating role. Finally, this study presents relevant theoretical and practical implications concerning physical activity and subjective well-being, providing a theoretical foundation to promote physical activity and enhance subjective well-being among college students.</p>