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<p>Metal strain gauges have been employed for strain and stress measurements for more than 50&#xa0;years, given their low cost and ease of implementation. However, they face challenges in achieving high sensitivity and miniaturization from the millimeter to the micrometer scale due to their small gauge factor (≃ 2) and low electrical resistivity (≤ 1.1 μΩ∙m). Here, we discovered that metal–insulator nanogranular films can become a novel high-sensitive and micro-scale strain gauge. A Co–(Mg–F) nanogranular film, which comprises metal Co nanogranules and an insulating MgF<sub>2</sub> matrix, exhibited a gauge factor 5 times larger and an electrical resistivity 10<sup>7</sup> times higher than those of practical metal strain gauges. These superior properties originate from the electronic tunneling conduction between the nanogranules, as opposed to the metallic conduction occurring in metal strain gauges. The large gauge factor of nanogranular films is given by the deformation in the intergranular spacing, which causes the modulation of electron tunneling, and thus, the resistivity.</p>

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High-sensitive mechanical response in metal–insulator nanogranular films with large gauge factor

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Tomoharu Uchiyama,
  • Cheng Wang,
  • Yui Hasegawa,
  • Nobukiyo Kobayashi,
  • Hiroshi Masumoto,
  • Saburo Takahashi,
  • Sadamichi Maekawa

摘要

Metal strain gauges have been employed for strain and stress measurements for more than 50 years, given their low cost and ease of implementation. However, they face challenges in achieving high sensitivity and miniaturization from the millimeter to the micrometer scale due to their small gauge factor (≃ 2) and low electrical resistivity (≤ 1.1 μΩ∙m). Here, we discovered that metal–insulator nanogranular films can become a novel high-sensitive and micro-scale strain gauge. A Co–(Mg–F) nanogranular film, which comprises metal Co nanogranules and an insulating MgF2 matrix, exhibited a gauge factor 5 times larger and an electrical resistivity 107 times higher than those of practical metal strain gauges. These superior properties originate from the electronic tunneling conduction between the nanogranules, as opposed to the metallic conduction occurring in metal strain gauges. The large gauge factor of nanogranular films is given by the deformation in the intergranular spacing, which causes the modulation of electron tunneling, and thus, the resistivity.