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<p>The soil fungus <i>Penicillium gladioli</i> was identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of the extract showed 50 compounds. Among the detected peaks, n-hexadecanoic acid showed the largest relative peak area (7.989% of the total ion chromatogram), followed by phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) (6.543%). Regarding the in vivo anti-toxoplasma potential, there was an enhancement of the histological features of the liver of Swiss albino mice with a substantial decrease (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in the inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. The colorimetric determination of the nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in the liver of the fungal extract-treated group revealed its antioxidant effect by significantly reducing (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) the oxidative stress markers. <i>P. gladioli</i> extract established antibacterial potential on <i>P. aeruginosa</i> bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 64 to 512&#xa0;µg/ml. Moreover, it demonstrated antibiofilm potential using crystal violet assay and SEM. Also, 45% of the isolates displayed downregulation of the <i>lasR</i>, <i>lecA</i>, and <i>pelA</i> biofilm genes.</p>

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Multifunctional bioactivity of eco-friendly Penicillium gladioli extract against Toxoplasma gondii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Engy Elekhnawy,
  • Ehssan Moglad,
  • Nizar Sirag,
  • Rehab Ahmed,
  • Noha Abd El-Salam,
  • Salwa S. Younis,
  • Hoda A. Rashed,
  • Eman A. Elmorsy,
  • Lamiaa A. Salama,
  • Omnia Momtaz Al-Fakhrany

摘要

The soil fungus Penicillium gladioli was identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of the extract showed 50 compounds. Among the detected peaks, n-hexadecanoic acid showed the largest relative peak area (7.989% of the total ion chromatogram), followed by phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) (6.543%). Regarding the in vivo anti-toxoplasma potential, there was an enhancement of the histological features of the liver of Swiss albino mice with a substantial decrease (p < 0.05) in the inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. The colorimetric determination of the nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in the liver of the fungal extract-treated group revealed its antioxidant effect by significantly reducing (p < 0.05) the oxidative stress markers. P. gladioli extract established antibacterial potential on P. aeruginosa bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 64 to 512 µg/ml. Moreover, it demonstrated antibiofilm potential using crystal violet assay and SEM. Also, 45% of the isolates displayed downregulation of the lasR, lecA, and pelA biofilm genes.