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<p>The heart rate response/recovery (HRR) index, a common indicator for cardiovascular health during exercise, has been linked with neurocognitive disorders and mortality. However, the relationship between HRR index and dementia remains unknown. Electrocardiogram data from 46,348 middle-aged and older adults from the UK Biobank were analyzed following a standardized submaximal exercise stress test (15-second baseline, 6-minute exercise, and 1-minute recovery). The HRR index was calculated as the product of heart rate responses ratio during exercise (peak/resting heart rate) and recovery ratio (peak/recovery heart rate). We found that 519 participants were ascertained with dementia, including 232 with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 85 with vascular dementia (VaD) during a median follow-up period of 12.62 years. Higher HRR index and recovery ratio were significantly associated with a reduced risk of all-cause dementia (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.94, <i>P</i> = 0.017; HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57–0.99, <i>P</i> = 0.018), but not with incident AD or VaD, respectively. In addition, higher HRR index was significantly correlated with slower cognitive decline in processing speed, reasoning, and memory (β:2.39, 95% CI: 0.28–4.49, <i>P</i> = 0.027; β: 2.12, 95% CI: 0.26-4.00, <i>P</i> = 0.027; β: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02–0.05, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), while the recovery ratio was significantly correlated with slower cognitive decline in reasoning and memory (β: 1.91, 95% CI: 0.04–3.79, <i>P</i> = 0.045; β: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.04, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Higher HRR index and recovery ratios are associated with a decreased risk of incident dementia and appear to have beneficial effects on delaying cognitive decline. The possible mechanisms for this may involve autonomic function and neurovascular health.</p>

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Heart rate response and recovery during exercise and dementia risk: a prospective UK biobank study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Yiran Wei,
  • Yonglin Shan,
  • Wenxiao Fan,
  • Xin Huang,
  • Jiahao Ding,
  • Ming Mao,
  • Qianying Liu,
  • Minle Tian,
  • Xuewei Li,
  • Jie Lu,
  • Hongli Chang,
  • Yi Dong,
  • Yifeng Du,
  • Chengxuan Qiu,
  • Xiaolei Han,
  • Yongxiang Wang

摘要

The heart rate response/recovery (HRR) index, a common indicator for cardiovascular health during exercise, has been linked with neurocognitive disorders and mortality. However, the relationship between HRR index and dementia remains unknown. Electrocardiogram data from 46,348 middle-aged and older adults from the UK Biobank were analyzed following a standardized submaximal exercise stress test (15-second baseline, 6-minute exercise, and 1-minute recovery). The HRR index was calculated as the product of heart rate responses ratio during exercise (peak/resting heart rate) and recovery ratio (peak/recovery heart rate). We found that 519 participants were ascertained with dementia, including 232 with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 85 with vascular dementia (VaD) during a median follow-up period of 12.62 years. Higher HRR index and recovery ratio were significantly associated with a reduced risk of all-cause dementia (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.94, P = 0.017; HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57–0.99, P = 0.018), but not with incident AD or VaD, respectively. In addition, higher HRR index was significantly correlated with slower cognitive decline in processing speed, reasoning, and memory (β:2.39, 95% CI: 0.28–4.49, P = 0.027; β: 2.12, 95% CI: 0.26-4.00, P = 0.027; β: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02–0.05, P < 0.001), while the recovery ratio was significantly correlated with slower cognitive decline in reasoning and memory (β: 1.91, 95% CI: 0.04–3.79, P = 0.045; β: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.04, P < 0.001). Higher HRR index and recovery ratios are associated with a decreased risk of incident dementia and appear to have beneficial effects on delaying cognitive decline. The possible mechanisms for this may involve autonomic function and neurovascular health.