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<p>Addressing oxytetracycline (OTC) contamination is essential for controlling agricultural area-source pollution. Developing green remediation materials that can efficiently remove pollutants in a short period holds ecological sig-nificance and research value. This study synthesised a novel zinc oxide/schwertmannite (ZnO/SCH) composite by integrating photocatalytic and adsorptive properties to efficiently remove OTC. Initially, the performance of the ZnO/SCH was evaluated in aqueous systems, which showed excellent OTC removal efficiency. 30&#xa0;mg/L of OTC was removed by more than 90% under solar light and more than 70% under visible light after irradiation for 4&#xa0;h at a ZnO/SCH addition of 0.2&#xa0;g/L, primarily driven by hole (h<sup>+</sup>) and superoxide anion (·O<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>) radicals. Remarkably, the composite maintained over 95% OTC removal across a wide pH range (4–10). Building on these promising results, the study further investigated the application of ZnO/SCH in OTC-contaminated calcareous soil. Environmental factors, including the degree of contamination, temperature, soil moisture content, soil pH, calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) content, and organic matter (SOM) levels, significantly influenced OTC adsorption and fixation. Soil OTC fixation and removal was favoured by higher temperatures (30 ℃), lower OTC concentrations (30&#xa0;mg/kg), and a suitable soil moisture content (18%). Alkaline conditions and high calcium carbonate content reduced electrostatic adsorption and cation exchange, while low organic matter content weakened soil adsorption of OTC. Notably, ZnO/SCH acted as a secondary adsorbent, capturing OTC released from soil under changing conditions and mitigating secondary pollution risks. This study provides a high-performance, cost-effective solution for the remediation of OTC-contaminated water and even soil, offering significant ecological and practical value.</p>

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A novel zinc oxide/schwertmannite composite for efficient remediation of oxytetracycline contamination

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

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  • Yingxuan Fan,
  • Jian Zhang,
  • Fenwu Liu,
  • Wenlong Bi

摘要

Addressing oxytetracycline (OTC) contamination is essential for controlling agricultural area-source pollution. Developing green remediation materials that can efficiently remove pollutants in a short period holds ecological sig-nificance and research value. This study synthesised a novel zinc oxide/schwertmannite (ZnO/SCH) composite by integrating photocatalytic and adsorptive properties to efficiently remove OTC. Initially, the performance of the ZnO/SCH was evaluated in aqueous systems, which showed excellent OTC removal efficiency. 30 mg/L of OTC was removed by more than 90% under solar light and more than 70% under visible light after irradiation for 4 h at a ZnO/SCH addition of 0.2 g/L, primarily driven by hole (h+) and superoxide anion (·O2–) radicals. Remarkably, the composite maintained over 95% OTC removal across a wide pH range (4–10). Building on these promising results, the study further investigated the application of ZnO/SCH in OTC-contaminated calcareous soil. Environmental factors, including the degree of contamination, temperature, soil moisture content, soil pH, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content, and organic matter (SOM) levels, significantly influenced OTC adsorption and fixation. Soil OTC fixation and removal was favoured by higher temperatures (30 ℃), lower OTC concentrations (30 mg/kg), and a suitable soil moisture content (18%). Alkaline conditions and high calcium carbonate content reduced electrostatic adsorption and cation exchange, while low organic matter content weakened soil adsorption of OTC. Notably, ZnO/SCH acted as a secondary adsorbent, capturing OTC released from soil under changing conditions and mitigating secondary pollution risks. This study provides a high-performance, cost-effective solution for the remediation of OTC-contaminated water and even soil, offering significant ecological and practical value.