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<p>In this research, a compact dual-band dual-antenna system with mutual coupling reduction based on characteristic mode theory and surface current distribution for 5G mobile terminals is proposed. The edge-to-edge distance between two antennas is only 5&#xa0;mm. The dimensions of the antenna system are 6&#xa0;mm × 34&#xa0;mm (approximately 0.07λmin × 0.41λmin, where λmin corresponds to the lowest operational frequency). The design comprises two modified inverted-F antenna elements with parasitic feeding, which are arranged in a back-to-back configuration. A defected ground structure (DGS) and a neutralization line&#xa0;(NL) are employed for decoupling in the lower (3.3–3.6&#xa0;GHz) and upper (5.1–5.9&#xa0;GHz) bands, respectively, achieving isolation levels of |S₂₁|&lt; –25.5&#xa0;dB and &lt; –23.3&#xa0;dB. The proposed system demonstrates compact geometry, low-cost fabrication, and scalability for array applications<i>.</i> This study presents a systematic design methodology that integrates characteristic mode analysis with current distribution optimization. The proposed approach enables direct translation of current distributions into physical antenna parameters, effectively eliminating empirical trial-and-error processes while establishing a reproducible design paradigm for future antenna development.</p>

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A 5G smartphone-oriented dual-band dual-antenna system designed via characteristic mode theory and surface current analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Zhaozhi Gu,
  • Wenhan Li,
  • Shibao Li

摘要

In this research, a compact dual-band dual-antenna system with mutual coupling reduction based on characteristic mode theory and surface current distribution for 5G mobile terminals is proposed. The edge-to-edge distance between two antennas is only 5 mm. The dimensions of the antenna system are 6 mm × 34 mm (approximately 0.07λmin × 0.41λmin, where λmin corresponds to the lowest operational frequency). The design comprises two modified inverted-F antenna elements with parasitic feeding, which are arranged in a back-to-back configuration. A defected ground structure (DGS) and a neutralization line (NL) are employed for decoupling in the lower (3.3–3.6 GHz) and upper (5.1–5.9 GHz) bands, respectively, achieving isolation levels of |S₂₁|< –25.5 dB and < –23.3 dB. The proposed system demonstrates compact geometry, low-cost fabrication, and scalability for array applications. This study presents a systematic design methodology that integrates characteristic mode analysis with current distribution optimization. The proposed approach enables direct translation of current distributions into physical antenna parameters, effectively eliminating empirical trial-and-error processes while establishing a reproducible design paradigm for future antenna development.