<p>Based on observations from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), we conducted a comprehensive study of two contact binaries, V752&#xa0;Cen and HT Vir, in 2+2-type hierarchical quadruple stellar systems. TESS continuous light curves (LCs) reveal that <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_10772_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta m_{max}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> exhibits random-walk-like or quasi-periodic variations, whereas <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_10772_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta m_{min}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, shows small jumps. Using the Wilson–Devinney program, we obtained six sets of photometric solutions to trace the migration and evolution of a cool starspot on the stellar surface. Notably, such spot activity can significantly alter LCs and may even reverse minima depths, as observed around BJD<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_10772_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="11" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(_{\text {TDB}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>2459282 for V752&#xa0;Cen. From the TESS time-series LCs, we determined 529 eclipse timings (ETs). For HT Vir, the residuals of the primary and secondary minima show a strong anti-correlation, indicating the presence of starspots. Based on all available ETs, we constructed <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_10772_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((O-C)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> curves, which could be described by an upward parabola with the light-time effect (LiTE) induced by a third body. Given the third light of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_10772_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="72" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ell _3\sim 4.0\%\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for HT Vir, we estimate the mass of the third body to be <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_10772_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="126" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M_3=0.66(2)~\textrm{M}_{\odot }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For V752&#xa0;Cen, the minimum mass of the third body is <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_10772_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="126" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M_3=0.84(2)~\textrm{M}_{\odot }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, suggesting it may be a compact star. Finally, we updated the absolute parameters of the two studied binaries, whose components are normal or slightly evolved main-sequence stars.</p>

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Magnetic activities of two contact binaries in quadruple stellar systems

  • Yuangui Yang,
  • Shuang Wang

摘要

Based on observations from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), we conducted a comprehensive study of two contact binaries, V752 Cen and HT Vir, in 2+2-type hierarchical quadruple stellar systems. TESS continuous light curves (LCs) reveal that \(\Delta m_{max}\) exhibits random-walk-like or quasi-periodic variations, whereas \(\Delta m_{min}\) , shows small jumps. Using the Wilson–Devinney program, we obtained six sets of photometric solutions to trace the migration and evolution of a cool starspot on the stellar surface. Notably, such spot activity can significantly alter LCs and may even reverse minima depths, as observed around BJD \(_{\text {TDB}}\) 2459282 for V752 Cen. From the TESS time-series LCs, we determined 529 eclipse timings (ETs). For HT Vir, the residuals of the primary and secondary minima show a strong anti-correlation, indicating the presence of starspots. Based on all available ETs, we constructed \((O-C)\) curves, which could be described by an upward parabola with the light-time effect (LiTE) induced by a third body. Given the third light of \(\ell _3\sim 4.0\%\) for HT Vir, we estimate the mass of the third body to be \(M_3=0.66(2)~\textrm{M}_{\odot }\) . For V752 Cen, the minimum mass of the third body is \(M_3=0.84(2)~\textrm{M}_{\odot }\) , suggesting it may be a compact star. Finally, we updated the absolute parameters of the two studied binaries, whose components are normal or slightly evolved main-sequence stars.