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<p>Modern immigration management systems face three critical challenges: security vulnerabilities in centralized databases exemplified by a 2023 breach exposing over 120,000 records processing inefficiencies resulting in delays over 30 days, and interoperability gaps among stakeholders. Although blockchain has been proposed, current implementations often sacrifice regulatory compliance (e.g., GDPR) or scalability, and lack real-world validation. We propose an enhanced Hyperledger Fabric 2.5 architecture with three innovations: a modified PBFT consensus protocol achieving 1,247 TPS with fault tolerance <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_10235_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="86" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N \ge 3f+1\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; integration of zk-SNARKs for privacy-preserving document verification with 97.3% accuracy while ensuring GDPR compliance; and a hybrid storage model using IPFS to reduce ledger bloat by 58%. The permissioned network employs role-specific channels secured by AES-256-GCM encryption and audited via Merkle trees. In a 90-day deployment at two European border checkpoints, the system achieved a median visa approval latency of 47.8 ms, completely prevented forged documents, yielded 94% operator satisfaction, and reduced energy consumption by 62% compared to Fabric 2.4. With an overall efficiency score of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_10235_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="95" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.917 \pm 0.023\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, our solution sets a new benchmark for secure, scalable, and compliant immigration infrastructure.</p>

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A byzantine-resistant blockchain framework for secure and scalable immigration management

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Khandakar Md Shafin,
  • Saha Reno

摘要

Modern immigration management systems face three critical challenges: security vulnerabilities in centralized databases exemplified by a 2023 breach exposing over 120,000 records processing inefficiencies resulting in delays over 30 days, and interoperability gaps among stakeholders. Although blockchain has been proposed, current implementations often sacrifice regulatory compliance (e.g., GDPR) or scalability, and lack real-world validation. We propose an enhanced Hyperledger Fabric 2.5 architecture with three innovations: a modified PBFT consensus protocol achieving 1,247 TPS with fault tolerance \(N \ge 3f+1\) ; integration of zk-SNARKs for privacy-preserving document verification with 97.3% accuracy while ensuring GDPR compliance; and a hybrid storage model using IPFS to reduce ledger bloat by 58%. The permissioned network employs role-specific channels secured by AES-256-GCM encryption and audited via Merkle trees. In a 90-day deployment at two European border checkpoints, the system achieved a median visa approval latency of 47.8 ms, completely prevented forged documents, yielded 94% operator satisfaction, and reduced energy consumption by 62% compared to Fabric 2.4. With an overall efficiency score of \(0.917 \pm 0.023\) , our solution sets a new benchmark for secure, scalable, and compliant immigration infrastructure.