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<p>Nanostructured 1% and 10% Ta<sup>5</sup>⁺-substituted TiO<sub>2</sub> (TTO) ceramics were synthesized via high-energy ball milling and sintered at 1200&#xa0;°C and 1300&#xa0;°C to investigate their dielectric and humidity sensing performance. XRD confirmed a single-phase rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> structure in both the powdered and sintered ceramics, while SEM and EDS analyses revealed dense microstructures with nanoscale grains and uniform Ta<sup>5</sup>⁺ dispersion, particularly at the lower sintering temperature. The 10%TTO ceramic sintered at 1200&#xa0;°C exhibited colossal dielectric permittivity (ε′ ≈ 1.3 × 10<sup>5</sup>) with a relatively high loss tangent, whereas both 1%TTO and 10%TTO sintered at 1300&#xa0;°C achieved similarly high ε′ values with significantly reduced dielectric loss (tan δ ≈ 0.026 at 1&#xa0;kHz). Excellent thermal stability was maintained, with Δε′ &lt;  ± 15% and tan δ &lt; 0.1 up to 200&#xa0;°C. Furthermore, ceramics sintered at 1200&#xa0;°C demonstrated outstanding humidity sensing behavior, including high linearity, low hysteresis (γ<sub>Hmax</sub> = 3.0%), and rapid response/recovery times (3.0/0.5&#xa0;min). These exceptional properties are attributed to the nanoscale microstructure and defect-mediated intrinsic factors at the ceramic surface. The synergy of colossal dielectric permittivity, excellent temperature stability, and superior humidity sensitivity highlights the potential of Ta<sup>5</sup>⁺-substituted TiO<sub>2</sub> ceramics as promising candidates for advanced capacitors and humidity sensors, with performance tunable by sintering conditions.</p>

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Low sintering temperature enhancing colossal dielectric permittivity and humidity sensitivity in Ta5+ substituted TiO2 ceramics via high energy ball milling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Chotchaya Phianjing,
  • Nutthakritta Phromviyo,
  • Navadecho Chankhunthod,
  • Pornjuk Srepusharawoot,
  • Pairot Moontragoon,
  • Prasit Thongbai

摘要

Nanostructured 1% and 10% Ta5⁺-substituted TiO2 (TTO) ceramics were synthesized via high-energy ball milling and sintered at 1200 °C and 1300 °C to investigate their dielectric and humidity sensing performance. XRD confirmed a single-phase rutile TiO2 structure in both the powdered and sintered ceramics, while SEM and EDS analyses revealed dense microstructures with nanoscale grains and uniform Ta5⁺ dispersion, particularly at the lower sintering temperature. The 10%TTO ceramic sintered at 1200 °C exhibited colossal dielectric permittivity (ε′ ≈ 1.3 × 105) with a relatively high loss tangent, whereas both 1%TTO and 10%TTO sintered at 1300 °C achieved similarly high ε′ values with significantly reduced dielectric loss (tan δ ≈ 0.026 at 1 kHz). Excellent thermal stability was maintained, with Δε′ <  ± 15% and tan δ < 0.1 up to 200 °C. Furthermore, ceramics sintered at 1200 °C demonstrated outstanding humidity sensing behavior, including high linearity, low hysteresis (γHmax = 3.0%), and rapid response/recovery times (3.0/0.5 min). These exceptional properties are attributed to the nanoscale microstructure and defect-mediated intrinsic factors at the ceramic surface. The synergy of colossal dielectric permittivity, excellent temperature stability, and superior humidity sensitivity highlights the potential of Ta5⁺-substituted TiO2 ceramics as promising candidates for advanced capacitors and humidity sensors, with performance tunable by sintering conditions.