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<p>The increasing global demand for cleaner energy solutions highlights the need to combine hydrogen with advanced biofuels for use in low-temperature combustion (LTC) engines. This study experimentally investigates the performance and emissions of an LTC engine fueled with six test fuels: Diesel, Citronella biofuel, three hydrogen-enriched blends (H20, H40, H60) and H40E (H40 + 10%R-EGR). Among the tested fuels, the H40 blend demonstrated the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE), surpassing that of conventional diesel. Emission analysis showed notable reductions in hydrocarbons (HC) by 65%, carbon monoxide (CO) by 37%, carbon dioxide (CO₂) by 8%, NOx by 6%, and smoke opacity by 20.8% compared to diesel. Notably, H40E further lower NOx formation by 3% than H40 but HC and CO were higher by 2 to 5%. Combustion analysis revealed that hydrogen enhanced pre-mixed combustion, resulting in improved in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate. The experimental results were validated using Sankey diagram visualization, confirming improved energy distribution. The findings indicate that hydrogen-enriched biofuels, particularly the H40 blend offer a promising pathway for cleaner and more efficient engine operation, supporting the global transition away from fossil fuels.</p>

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Production and utilization of hydrogen enriched fifth generation biofuel in LTC engines with reformed EGR

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月17日

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  • Krishnamoorthy Ramalingam,
  • Mohd. Zulkifly Abdullah,
  • P. V. Elumalai,
  • M. Venkateswar Reddy,
  • Yan Yafang,
  • S. Prabhakar,
  • K. Kamakshi Priya

摘要

The increasing global demand for cleaner energy solutions highlights the need to combine hydrogen with advanced biofuels for use in low-temperature combustion (LTC) engines. This study experimentally investigates the performance and emissions of an LTC engine fueled with six test fuels: Diesel, Citronella biofuel, three hydrogen-enriched blends (H20, H40, H60) and H40E (H40 + 10%R-EGR). Among the tested fuels, the H40 blend demonstrated the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE), surpassing that of conventional diesel. Emission analysis showed notable reductions in hydrocarbons (HC) by 65%, carbon monoxide (CO) by 37%, carbon dioxide (CO₂) by 8%, NOx by 6%, and smoke opacity by 20.8% compared to diesel. Notably, H40E further lower NOx formation by 3% than H40 but HC and CO were higher by 2 to 5%. Combustion analysis revealed that hydrogen enhanced pre-mixed combustion, resulting in improved in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate. The experimental results were validated using Sankey diagram visualization, confirming improved energy distribution. The findings indicate that hydrogen-enriched biofuels, particularly the H40 blend offer a promising pathway for cleaner and more efficient engine operation, supporting the global transition away from fossil fuels.